Droit de l’internet : droit français et européen (2ème éd.)

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on sperm vitality.</p

The Effect of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) on Semen Parameters in Human Males: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the risk factors of impaired male fertility potential. Studies have investigated the effect of CP/CPPS on several semen parameters but have shown inconsistent results. Hence, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the association between CP/CPPS and basic semen parameters in adult men.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Systematic literature searches were conducted with PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to August 2013 for case-control studies that involved the impact of CP/CPSS on semen parameters. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager and Stata software. Standard mean differences (SMD) of semen parameters were identified with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in a random effects model.</p><p>Results</p><p>Twelve studies were identified, including 999 cases of CP/CPPS and 455 controls. Our results illustrated that the sperm concentration and the percentage of progressively motile sperm and morphologically normal sperm from patients with CP/CPPS were significantly lower than controls (SMD (95% CI) −14.12 (−21.69, −6.63), −5.94 (−8.63, −3.25) and −8.26 (−11.83, −4.66), respectively). However, semen volume in the CP/CPPS group was higher than in the control group (SMD (95% CI) 0.50 (0.11, 0.89)). There was no significant effect of CP/CPPS on the total sperm count, sperm total motility, and sperm vitality.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The present study illustrates that there was a significant negative effect of CP/CPPS on sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better illuminate the negative impact of CP/CPPS on semen parameters.</p></div

Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on semen volume.

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on semen volume.</p

Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on sperm total motility.

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on sperm total motility.</p

Characteristics of included studies investigating the effect of CP/CPPS on semen parameters.

<p>Abbreviations: SpV, semen volume; SC, sperm concentration (density); TSC, total sperm count; SPM, progressive sperm motility; STM, total sperm motility; SpV, sperm vitality; SNM, normal sperm morphology; IIIA, NIH IIIA subgroup; IIIB, NIH IIIB subgroup; III, NIH III subgroup; NI, not indicated in studies;</p>a<p>: confirmed by the authors.</p

Flow diagram of selection of eligible studies.

<p>Flow diagram of selection of eligible studies.</p

Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on total sperm counts.

<p>Forest plot showing the meta-analysis outcomes of the effect of CP/CPPS on total sperm counts.</p

Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Fluorescent Probe-Shielded Polydopamine Nanomedicines for Targeted Imaging and Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system, with high risk of recurrence and progression. However, the difficulty in detecting small tumor lesions and the lack of selectivity of intravesical treatment seriously affect the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. In the present work, a nanoparticle-based delivery system with tumor targeting, high biocompatibility, simple preparation, and the ability to synergize imaging and therapy was fabricated. Specifically, this nanosystem consisted of the core of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (PDD NPs) and the shell of hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated IR780 (HA-IR780). The HA-IR780-covered PDD NPs (HR-PDD NPs) demonstrated tumor targeting and visualization both in vitro and in vivo with properties of promoted cancer cell endocytosis and lysosomal escape, efficiently delivering drugs to the target site and exerting a killing effect on tumor cells. Encouragingly, intravesical instillation of HR-PDD NPs improved drug retention in the bladder and promoted its accumulation in tumor tissue, resulting in better tumor proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in an orthotopic bladder cancer model in rats. This study provides a promising strategy for the diagnosis and therapy of bladder cancer