Distributions of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5,1999–2005, surveillance-oriented sites from contiguous U.S. region.

a<p>Following the promulgation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM_2.5 in 1997, routine collection of PM_2.5 was implemented in 1999. No attempt was made to convert PM₁₀ concentrations to PM_2.5, which requires a scaling factor based on a presumptive proportion of PM_2.5 in the PM₁₀ mass.</p>b<p>Sites describe unique sampling points indicated by longitude/latitude. Those providing no geodetic datum information were not included.</p>c<p>While PM was typically measured at a frequency of every six days or higher, many sites took daily sampling.</p

Region-specific multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and lower and upper 95% confidence limits (LCL & UCL) per 10 µg/m³ increment in PM for CVD complications, controlling for age, gender, race, education, income, smoking status, physical activeness, BMI (linear and quadratic terms), hypertension, hypercholesteraemia, diabetes, and year of interview.

<p>Region-specific multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and lower and upper 95% confidence limits (LCL & UCL) per 10 µg/m³ increment in PM for CVD complications, controlling for age, gender, race, education, income, smoking status, physical activeness, BMI (linear and quadratic terms), hypertension, hypercholesteraemia, diabetes, and year of interview.</p

Estimated background PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations (µg/m³) across contiguous U.S. counties.

<p>A—PM₁₀ yearly median concentrations (averaging 1999–2005), assessed with ordinary kriging, exponential covariance, lag distance = 125 km, nugget = 0.037, range = 1,538 km, partial sill = 0.083; B—PM_2.5 yearly median concentrations (averaging 1999–2005), assessed with ordinary kriging, spherical covariance, lag distance = 170 km, nugget = 0.014, range = 1,687 km, partial sill = 0.066.</p

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and lower and upper 95% confidence limits (LCL & UCL) for CVD complications from PM₁₀-fitted models —assessed with samples from the 2007 and 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

<p>Both regionally and non-regionally adjusted results were presented, with the former graphically displayed. BMI and (BMI-squared)/100 were included as continuous variables. PM₁₀-related effects were associated with 10 µg/m³ increment in yearly median levels.</p

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and lower and upper 95% confidence limits (LCL & UCL) for CVD complications from PM_2.5-fitted models —assessed with samples from the 2007 and 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

<p>Both regionally and non-regionally adjusted results were presented, with the former graphically displayed. BMI and (BMI-squared)/100 were included as continuous variables. PM_2.5-related effects were associated with 10 µg/m³ increment in yearly median levels.</p

Evaluation statistics (µg/m³) for the exposure assessment methods.

a<p>N is the number of surveillance-oriented sites used for PM pollution modeling.</p>b<p>A constant trend is implied by ordinary kriging.</p>c<p>The optimal assessment method is indicated. When models rank similarly in terms of performance, the simpler specification that reproduces important features of the empirical variogram is deemed optimal.</p

Additional file 1 of Treating sex and gender differences as a continuous variable can improve precision cancer treatments

Supplementary Figure 1: Pan Cancer Ridge Plots

DataSheet1_Slipping Through the Gap: Exploring the Influence of Social Health Insurance on Access to Healthcare for Older Migrant Workers.docx

Objectives: Older migrant workers (OMWs) frequently confront barriers to accessing care, as their Social Health Insurance (SHI) coverage may not extend beyond their hometown. This study seeks to investigate whether Chinese OMWs can still derive benefits from SHI in accessing healthcare services, even when their SHI is not registered in the same location as their current residence.Methods: This study used data from 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and focused on OMWs aged 60 years and older (N = 3,050). Logistic regression models were employed to investigate the factors influencing healthcare use.Results: Having SHI registered in current place of residence and interprovincial migration were significantly associated with increased likelihoods of doctor visits among OMWs. However, inpatient services use did not appear to be associated with the SHI registration place and migration range.Conclusion: Chinese OMWs derive fewer benefits from SHI in accessing healthcare services when their SHI is not registered in current residence. Governments in Low- and Middle-Income Countries should consider implementing targeted policies to provide adequate protection for OMWs and expand the coverage of direct reimbursement for cross-province healthcare services.</p

Dataset of raw receiver functions and synthetic receiver functions for the robustness test

Dataset of raw receiver functions and synthetic receiver functions for the robustness test of submitted paper "Fine Shallow Structures of Binchuan Basin Inverted from Receiver Functions and Implications for Basin Evolution". The data format is "Seismic Analysis Code (SAC)"  format.   </p

Stability of Polydopamine Coatings on Gold Substrates Inspected by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging

Polydopamine (PDA)-based surface modification has been used in a variety of fields. However, a vague impression on the stability of PDA still exists due to a lack of systematic studies. To ascertain the issue and make better use of this surface modification method, a technique of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was exploited to study the stability of PDA coated on gold surface. The results showed that PDA-coating stability was largely dependent on the pH of aqueous solutions, giving detachment ratios up to 66% and 80% at pH 1.0 and pH 14.0, respectively. However, increasing the ionic strength of aqueous solutions could reduce the detachment of PDA in strong acid and strong alkali conditions. Besides, organic solvents also made a difference on the PDA-coating stability. Among the tested 10 kinds of organic solvents, including <i>n</i>-hexane, toluene, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO caused the most serious detachment of PDA, up to 56%, followed by DMF with a detachment ratio of 31%. Ultrasonication caused less than 10% detachment of the coated PDA. It should be mentioned that the PDA coatings deposited on gold surface were not detached completely in all the test conditions, even at pH 14.0 (ca. 20% PDA retained). In alkaline conditions, detachment competes with further polymerization, which gave a slight increase of the SPRi signals at pH 9.0–11.0. Based on the obtained information about PDA-coating stability, thickness-controllable and alkali-resistant PDA coatings were prepared. Moreover, the alkali-resistant PDA coatings remained reactive to biomolecules, supporting further functionalization of PDA coatings