Visualization 2: Burst-mode-operated, sub-nanosecond fiber MOPA system incorporating direct seed-packet shaping

The calculation process to get the required pre-shape of the seed to form double rectangle pulse burst after amplification Originally published in Optics Express on 05 September 2016 (oe-24-18-20963

Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)‑1-Thio- and (<i>Z</i>)‑2-Thio-1-alkenyl Boronates via Copper-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Hydroboration of Thioacetylenes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

A Cu-catalyzed divergent hydroboration of thioacetylenes has been achieved, providing (<i>Z</i>)-1-thio- or (<i>Z</i>)-2-thio-1-alkenyl boronates in moderate to high yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, by using pinacolborane or bis­(pinacolato)­diboron as the hydroborating reagents, respectively. DFT calculations indicate that the sulfur atom plays a key role in determining the regioselectivity through polarizing the C–C triple bonds and participating in the HOMO orbitals. Moreover, the SR group can serve as a good leaving group, resulting in the concise synthesis of six regio- and stereoisomers of trisubstituted alkenes <b>5</b> via the iterative cross-coupling of C–B and C–S bonds. Clearly, it will be valuable for assembling stereochemically diverse trisubstituted olefins in organic synthesis

Electron Diffraction of Superfluid Helium Droplets

We present experimental results of electron diffraction of superfluid helium droplets and droplets doped with phthalocyanine gallium chloride and discuss the possibility of performing the same experiment with a laser aligned sample. The diffraction profile of pure droplets demonstrates dependence on the nozzle temperature, that is, on the average size of the droplets. Larger clusters demonstrate faster decay with increasing momentum transfer, whereas smaller clusters converge to isolated gas phase molecules at source temperatures of 18 K and higher. Electron diffraction of doped droplets shows similar modified molecular scattering intensity as that of the corresponding gas phase molecules. On the basis of fittings of the scattering profile, the number of remaining helium atoms of the doped droplets is estimated to be on the order of hundreds. This result offers guidance in assessing the possibility of electron diffraction from laser aligned molecules doped in superfluid helium droplets

Predicting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Target Genes by Level-2 Protein-Protein Interaction

<div><p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is frequently lethal and has no effective pharmaceutical treatment, posing a great threat to human health. Previous bioinformatics studies of the mechanisms underlying AAA relied largely on the detection of direct protein-protein interactions (level-1 PPI) between the products of reported AAA-related genes. Thus, some proteins not suspected to be directly linked to previously reported genes of pivotal importance to AAA might have been missed. In this study, we constructed an indirect protein-protein interaction (level-2 PPI) network based on common interacting proteins encoded by known AAA-related genes and successfully predicted previously unreported AAA-related genes using this network. We used four methods to test and verify the performance of this level-2 PPI network: cross validation, human AAA mRNA chip array comparison, literature mining, and verification in a mouse CaPO₄ AAA model. We confirmed that the new level-2 PPI network is superior to the original level-1 PPI network and proved that the top 100 candidate genes predicted by the level-2 PPI network shared similar GO functions and KEGG pathways compared with positive genes.</p></div

The coincidence ratios of the candidate genes to RNA array (A) and literature mining (B) for different top-level groups.

<p>The coincidence ratios of the candidate genes to RNA array (A) and literature mining (B) for different top-level groups.</p

An illustration of the workflow: construction of the PPI network (A) and validation using various methods (B).

<p>An illustration of the workflow: construction of the PPI network (A) and validation using various methods (B).</p

The ratio of positive genes to candidate genes.

<p>Five genes were randomly deleted from the set of 34 positive genes, and the PPI network was reconstructed 100 times.</p

Pd-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Addition of Boronic Acids to Silylacetylenes: A Stereodivergent Assembly of β,β-Disubstituted Alkenylsilanes and Alkenyl Halides

An efficient Pd-catalyzed addition of boronic acids to silylacetylenes is described, providing β,β-disubstituted (<i>E</i>)- or (<i>Z</i>)-alkenylsilanes in satisfactory yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. It represents the first highly regio- and stereoselective addition of boronic acids to aryl and alkenyl silylacetylenes. Moreover, the sequential Pd-catalyzed boron addition/<i>N</i>-halosuccinimide-mediated halodesilylation reaction results in a stereodivergent approach to β,β-disubstituted alkenyl halides, which can serve as versatile synthetic intermediates for the stereodivergent assembly of (<i>E</i>)- and (<i>Z</i>)-trisubstituted alkenes via transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

The mRNA expression levels of top-ranking candidate genes in a mouse AAA model.

<p>(A) Representative morphology of NaCl- and CaPO₄-treated mice aortas. (B) The maximum diameter of abdominal aortas. (C) Representative Gomori staining, arrows showing elastin degradation. (D) Representative immunofluorescence (green) staining of IL-6 (left) and MCP-1 (right) in infrarenal aortas of mice treated with NaCl or CaPO₄. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue). (E) mRNA was extracted from the aortas of both NaCl- and CaPO₄-treated mice, and the gene expression levels of APP, TP53, SPARC, MMP-14 and ITGB1 were assayed by Real-Time PCR. 18S was used as reference gene. Scale bar = 20 μm.</p

Conditional survival and DNA release from <i>Salmonella</i> strains.

<p>(A) <i>Salmonella</i> strains were streaked on LB-agar plates with or without 50 μg/ml DAP and/or 100 μg/ml DL-alanine (D-Ala). <i>Salmonella</i> growth was observed after overnight incubation at 37°C. The streak order is given to the left. (B) Overnight culture of <i>Salmonella</i> was collected and resuspended in LB medium without any supplements. After overnight static growth at 37°C, cells were stained with PI and green fluorescent nucleic acid stain. Live cells are stained green, and the dead cells are stained red. Strain number and the genotype are given under each panel. Enlarged cell size and release of cell DNA content (indicated by arrow heads) were observed in the case of auxotrophic strains, but not in the wild-type control strain χ3761.</p