The concept of energy production on the basis of modern alternative fuels

The paper presents a concept of producing energy on the basis of modern alternative fuels to be burnt in low- and medium-power stokerfired boilers. The thermal energy contained in water vapour and hot water will be utilized in producing, in combination, of electrical energy, and for heating of cubature objects. Modern alternative fuels in the form of briquettes and pellets will be produced from hard coals and municipal waste other than hazardous. There have been presented the properties of alternative fuels obtained, and the concept of their utilization in the process of energy production in cogeneration

The concept of energy production on the basis of modern alternative fuels

The paper presents a concept of producing energy on the basis of modern alternative fuels to be burnt in low- and medium-power stokerfired boilers. The thermal energy contained in water vapour and hot water will be utilized in producing, in combination, of electrical energy, and for heating of cubature objects. Modern alternative fuels in the form of briquettes and pellets will be produced from hard coals and municipal waste other than hazardous. There have been presented the properties of alternative fuels obtained, and the concept of their utilization in the process of energy production in cogeneration

Sorpcja niklu w glebach w strefie oddziaływania przemysłu metalurgicznego

The analysed area was used for industrial activity for over 130 years. During that time many pollutants (including heavy metals) have been emitted by industrial plants and infiltrated into the soil. This article presents the properties of the soil from industrial sites located in Zielona Góra and analysis of its physical and chemical characteristics

Thematic parks in urban post-industrial areas

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Zawartość ołowiu w glebach ogrodów działkowych w Zielonej Górze, Polska

Lead, as a heavy metal, is harmful to living organisms (both plants and animals) and it is relatively mobile in the environment. In this article we present the results of the monitoring of the lead content in local allotment gardens (Zielona Góra, Poland). We examined both the total and the phytoavailable form. Soil samples were collected in eight places in the allotment gardens, and two places in the neighbourhood of the allotment gardens. The lead content in the soil met the Polish soil ground standards (Regulation by the Minister of the Environment of 9.09.2002). The total content of lead varied from 21 to 39 mg kg⁻¹, (12–14 mg kg⁻¹ at reference point) and the form potentially available for plants from 10 to 19 mg kg⁻¹ (6–7 mg kg⁻¹ at reference point). The content of lead does not exceed the threshold values according to Polish law.Ołów, jako metal ciężki, jest szkodliwy dla organizmów żywych (zarówno roślin jak i zwierząt) I jest względnie ruchliwy w środowisku. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań monitoringowych dot. zawartości ołowiu ogólnego oraz przyswajalnego w glebach ogródków działkowych Zielonej Góry. Próbki glebowe pobrano z 8 miejsc w obrębie ogrodów oraz z 2 miejsc referencyjnych zlokalizowanych w sąsiedztwie ogrodów. Zawartość ołowiu w glebach nie przekraczała wartości progowych wyznaczonych wg prawa polskiego, przyjętego w zarządzeniu Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 września 2002 r. Zawartość ołowiu całkowitego wahała się od 21 do 39 mg kg⁻¹, (12–14 mg kg⁻¹ w punkcie referencyjnym) a ołowiu w formie potencjalnie dostępnej dla roślin od 10 do 19 mg kg⁻¹ (6–7 mg kg⁻¹ w punkcie referencyjnym)

Stan zanieczyszczenia gleb niklem w strefie ochrony Huty Miedzi Głogów

Substances present in soils are of natural or anthropogenic origin. As a result of industrial activity, large quantities of potentially hazardous elements such as heavy metals are deposited in the environment. They may occur as unavailable (similar to the total form), or available for plants. The content of nickel in the soil from the former sanitary zone of the Głogów Copper Smelter does not exceed the Polish threshold values for industrial areas; however, its content may be influenced by other factors such as content of organic matter and soil reaction. In this article we present the results of the nickel pollution in the former sanitary zone of the Głogów Copper Smelter.Obecne w glebie związki chemiczne mają pochodzenie naturalne lub antropogeniczne. Jako efekt działalności przemysłowej, do atmosfery emitowane są znaczne ilości zanieczyszczeń, w tym metali ciężkich. Zanieczyszczenia obecne w środowisku mogą być związane trwale z materiałem glebowym, część z nich jest jednak dostępna dla roślin. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki zanieczyszczenia niklem terenów strefy ochronnej Huty Miedzi Głogów. Badania wykazały, że zawartość niklu nie przekraczała wartości granicznych, wg obowiązujących w Polsce standardów dla gleb stref przemysłowych. Zawartość niklu może być jednak modyfikowana przez zawartość materii organicznej oraz pH

The total content of nitrogen in leaves and wood of trees growing in the area affected by the Glogow Copper Smelter

Soils affected by industrial emissions of a copper smelter may contain high amounts of heavy metals. Heavy metal infiltration across the soil is a potential source of groundwater contamination. Simultaneously, many ions, especially Cu2+ and Pb2+, can be accumulated by plants growing within the emission range. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of high Cu and Pb soil contamination on the total nitrogen content in leaves and wood of trees growing in an area exposed to copper smelter emissions. Samples of leaves and wood of Populus robusta L. and Betula pendula L. as well as soil samples were taken from an area affected by industrial emissions, namely from the former sanitary zone of the Głogów Copper Smelter. The samples were collected in 2010. The particle size distribution, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and the total content of Cu and Pb in the soil samples were determined. In the plant samples (foliage and trunks), the total nitrogen was assayed. The results were analysed statistically. The following conclusions were drawn: the litter horizon of soils affected by industrial emissions contains high level of heavy metals (3450-5400 mg Cu kg-1, 1020-1500 mg Pb kg-1), exceeding threshold values for industrial areas. Also the humic horizon is characterised by an increased Cu and Pb content: 174-1530 mg Cu kg-1 and 268-702 mg Pb kg-1. The leaves of the tested species contained more nitrogen than the wood, although the birch wood contained more nitrogen then the poplar. There was no difference in the nitrogen content of the annual tree rings of both species. Despite high levels of copper and lead in the tested soils, there was no effect of this factor on the nitrogen content of the leaves, bark and wood of the studied trees

Barriers and facilitators for systematically registering adverse drug reactions in electronic health records: A qualitative study with Dutch healthcare professionals

Background Systematically registering ADRs in electronic health records (EHRs) likely contribute to patient safety as it enables the exchange of drug safety data. Currently, ADRs registrations by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is suboptimal. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators perceived by HCPs to register ADRs systematically in EHRs. Research Design and Methods A qualitative study with individual interviews was conducted among specialist physicians and hospital pharmacists from 10 different Dutch hospitals. A semi-structured interview guide was used to identify experienced barriers and facilitators for systematically registering ADRs. Data was analyzed following thematic analysis. Themes within barriers and facilitators were aligned with the Capability–Opportunity-Motivation–Behavior (COM-B) framework. Results In total, 16 HCPs were interviewed. Identified barriers were: lack of knowledge to recognize ADRs, time constraints, inadequate IT system, lack of support, stuck in routine, and not recognizing the importance of registering ADRs. Identified facilitators were: enhanced knowledge and awareness of ADRs, functional IT systems, expanding accountability for registration, and motivation toward registering. Conclusions Barriers and facilitators for registering spanned all aspects of the COM-B model and occurred in individual, social and environmental domains. Addressing these aspects could improve the registration of ADRs and may contribute to patient safety