22 research outputs found
In depth evaluation of the prognostic and predictive utility of PTEN immunohistochemistry in colorectal carcinomas: performance of three antibodies with emphasis on intracellular and intratumoral heterogeneity.
BACKGROUND: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss of function is frequently detected in advanced colorectal cancer. Its detection is thought to have prognostic significance and it is being considered to predict responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy. Unfortunately, while immunohistochemical assessment of PTEN expression is widespread, it lacks standardization and the results are hardly comparable across the available publications. METHODS: Retrospectively collected, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded colorectal tumor tissue samples from 55 patients were combined into tissue microarray (TMA) blocks. We used three different PTEN antibodies to determine the frequency, intensity and intracellular pattern of PTEN immunohistochemical labeling: Neomarkers, Dako and CellSignaling. We evaluated the aforementioned parameters in selected regions of colorectal cancers and in their lymph node metastases by using three scoring methods that take into consideration both staining frequency and intensity (H1-H3-score). We also evaluated intracellular localization. RESULTS: The Dako and CellSignaling antibodies stained predominantly cytoplasms, while the Neomarkers antibody specifically stained cell nuclei. PTEN H-scores were significantly lower in all tumor areas as compared to the normal colonic mucosa based on staining with the DAKO and CellSignaling antibodies. Intratumoral regional differences or differences between matching tumors and metastases were not detected with any of the antibodies. Neither Dako, neither CellSignaling, nor the Neomarkers antibodies revealed a significant correlation between PTEN expression and pT, Dukes/MAC and clinical stage. KRAS status, histological grade correlated with PTEN H-scores based on staining with the Neomarkers antibody. PTEN H-scores did not correlate with MMR status. PTEN H-scores did not show any correlation with relapse-free survival based on staining with either antibody. CONCLUSIONS: While PTEN expression decreased in colorectal cancer according to two antibodies, neither of the three applied PTEN antibodies could justify significant correlation with clinicopathological data, nor had prognostic value. Thus, we might conclude that immunohistochemical PTEN investigation remains a challenge requiring more standardized evaluation on larger number of cases to clarify its utility as a prognostic and predictive tool in CRC. The standardization of immunohistochemical method is key in the evaluation process, which is further discussed
The prognostic effect of PTEN expression status in colorectal cancer development and evaluation of factors affecting it: miR-21 and promoter methylation
MiR-106b induces cell radioresistance via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways and p21 in colorectal cancer
Zmiany morfologiczne w w臋z艂ach ch艂onnych kr臋tniczo-k膮tniczych u szczur贸w po appendektomii
Wst臋p: Przeprowadzone badania mia艂y na celu wyja艣nienie czy wyci臋cie wyrostka robaczkowego u szczur贸w w okresie 63 dni wywo艂uje zmiany morfologiczne w w臋z艂ach ch艂onnych kr臋tniczo-k膮tniczych i czy wyci臋cie wyrostka zaburza w istotny spos贸b ich budow臋 i dzia艂anie. Materia艂y i metody: Zwierz臋tom do艣wiadczalnym usuni臋to wyrostek robaczkowy lub wszystkie w臋z艂y ch艂onne kr臋tniczo-k膮tnicze. U艣miercono je po 63 dniach od pobrania. Badano obraz makro- i mikroskopowy wyrostk贸w robaczkowych i w臋z艂贸w ch艂onnych metodami klasycznymi i przy u偶yciu przeciwcia艂 monoklonalnych. Wyniki: Morfologia w臋z艂贸w ch艂onnych kr臋tniczo-k膮tniczych 63 dni po wyci臋ciu wyrostka robaczkowego nie uleg艂a 偶adnym istotnym zmianom jako艣ciowym. Zastosowanie analizatora komputerowego pozwoli艂o na odkrycie pewnych r贸偶nic o charakterze ilo艣ciowym, stwierdzono wyra藕ne zmniejszenie si臋 艣redniej liczby limfocyt贸w B w stosunku do w臋z艂贸w grupy kontrolnej. W w臋z艂ach tych zwierz膮t uleg艂 tym samym zmianie stosunek ilo艣ciowy limfocyt贸w B do limfocyt贸w T, co wydaje si臋 mie膰 wp艂yw na funkcjonowanie w臋z艂a. Wnioski: Wyci臋cie wyrostka robaczkowego u szczur贸w nie poci膮ga za sob膮 widocznych zmian morfologicznych o charakterze zaniku lub rozrostu w臋z艂贸w ch艂onnych kr臋tniczo-k膮tniczych, powoduje natomiast zmiany immunologiczne w mi膮偶szu w臋z艂贸w kr臋tniczo-k膮tniczych. Zmniejszenie si臋 艣redniej liczby limfocyt贸w B w por贸wnaniu do w臋z艂贸w ch艂onnych kr臋tniczo-k膮tniczych zwierz膮t grupy kontrolnej, mo偶e by膰 przejawem zmian czynno艣ciowych zachodz膮cych w tych narz膮dach. Mo偶e to 艣wiadczy膰 o zachwianiu r贸wnowagi i zaburzeniu kooperacji pomi臋dzy limfocytami B i T w procesie odpowiedzi immunologicznej. Jednak w 艣wietle dost臋pnej wiedzy znaczenie i wymowa tego faktu s膮 niepewne i wymagaj膮 dalszych bada艅.Introduction: The research was done to investigate whether the appendectomy carried out on rats leads to morphological changes in ileocaecal lymph nodes within 63 days following the operation and whether it causes serious disfunctions and structure disorders in lymph nodes. Materials and methods: Either appendectomy or the removal of all ileocaecal lymph nodes were carried out on experimental animals. The animals were killed on day 63 after the surgery. Both macro- and microscopic images of appendices and lymph nodes were analysed using classical methods and monoclonal antibodies. Results: No significant qualitative changes were observed in the morphology of ileocaecal lymph nodes on day 63 following the appendectomy. Some quantitative changes were noticed thanks to computer analysis; significant reduction in the mean number of B lymphocytes was observed compared with the number of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the control animals. The quantitative ratio of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes has changed, which seems to influence the node function. Conclusions: Appendectomy in rats does not result in any significant morphological changes of ileocaecal lymph nodes. They demonstrate neither marked atrophy nor proliferation. However , some immunological changes can be observed. The reduction in the mean number of B lymphocytes compared with the mean number of B lymphocytes in the control animals can be considered a manifestation of functional changes in the organs. That might suggest that the balance and the cooperation between B and T lymphocytes has been disturbed in the immune response process. However, the problem needs further study
The author's own method of digitally recording the local state of venous leg ulcers
Nieregularno艣膰 kszta艂tu owrzodze艅 oraz ich umiejscowienie na zakrzywionej powierzchni goleni s膮 przyczyn膮 du偶ych trudno艣ci pomiarowych. Celem pracy jest opracowanie w艂asnej metody cyfrowej dokumentacji stanu miejscowego owrzodze艅 偶ylnych goleni. Opracowana metoda obejmuje w艂asn膮 technik臋 fotografowania rany, obr贸bki cyfrowej uzyskanych obraz贸w oraz w艂asn膮 metod臋 pomiaru pola powierzchni z przetworzonego cyfrowo obrazu przy pomocy programu "Pole". W pracy dokonano kontrolnej analizy dok艂adno艣ci odwzorowania owrzodze艅 oraz dok艂adno艣ci pomiaru pola ich powierzchni zaproponowan膮 metod膮 w艂asn膮. Wyniki analizy wykaza艂y wysok膮 precyzj臋 pomiaru wielko艣ci owrzodzenia nasz膮 metod膮 oraz dowiod艂y, 偶e umo偶liwia ona obiektywn膮 ocen臋 zmian pola powierzchni i wygl膮du rany.Venous ulcers are usually flat wounds of varying size and irregular shape. One of the important elements included in the documentation of venous ulcer treatment is the size of their surface area. Consecutive measurements of the area are the basis for assessing progress in treatment. The irregular shape and location of venous ulcers on a curved surface are the main causes of difficulties in their measurement. The aim of the study was to elaborate the author's own method of digitally recording the local state of venous leg ulcers. The elaborated method involves the author's own method of photographing the wound, digitally processing the obtained images, and the author's own method of measuring the surface area directly from the digitally processed image using the computer program "Field". In the study an analysis of the imaging accuracy of a leg ulcer and the measuring accuracy of the surface area using the author's own method was carried out. Results of the analysis proved the high precision of the author's own method of venous ulcers size measurement and showed that the method enables an objective assessment of the appearance of the wound and changes to the surface area
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) - case study
Martwicze zapalenie powi臋zi (necrotizing fasciitis) jest podst臋pnie przebiegaj膮cym, ci臋偶kim zaka偶eniem powoduj膮cym rozleg艂膮 martwic臋 sk贸ry, tkanki podsk贸rnej i przedzia艂贸w powi臋ziowych, z szybko rozwijaj膮cymi si臋 objawami uog贸lnionego wstrz膮su toksycznego. W artykule przedstawiono przypadek 56-letniej chorej z paciorkowcowym martwiczym zapaleniem powi臋zi szyi, przedniej 艣ciany klatki piersiowej i obu gruczo艂贸w piersiowych. Antybiotykoterapia empiryczna, wczesne leczenie operacyjne, a nast臋pnie antybiotykoterapia celowana powstrzyma艂y rozw贸j choroby i towarzysz膮cego jej paciorkowcowego zespo艂u podobnego do wstrz膮su toksycznego (STSLS). Ponadto przedstawiono informacje dotycz膮ce etiologii, patogenezy choroby, zasady diagnostyki i leczenia martwiczego zapalenia powi臋zi.Necrotizing fasciitis (martwicze zapalenie powi臋zi) is a trickily progressing, severe infection, causing extensive necrosis of the subcutaneus tissue and the fascial compartments with fast developing syndromes of generalized toxic shock. The article describes a case of 56-year-old female suffering from streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis of its neck, anterior chest wall and both breasts. Empirical antibiotic therapy, early surgical treatment followed by aimed antibiotic therapy have held on development of the disease and its accompanying streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS). Moreover, it presents information concerning etiology, pathogenesis of the disease, principles of diagnostics and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis
A rare case of an invasive ductal carcinoma of accessory breast located in an armpit - a case report
Autorzy przedstawili rzadki przypadek inwazyjnego raka przewodowego sutka wyst臋puj膮cego w sutku dodatkowym, zlokalizowanym w dole pachowym. Zwr贸cono uwag臋 na trudno艣ci diagnostyczne zwi膮zane z nietypow膮 lokalizacj膮, co doprowadzi艂o w opisywanym przypadku do op贸藕nienia w postawieniu ostatecznego rozpoznania i podj臋cia prawid艂owego leczenia. Szybsze rozpoznanie by艂oby mo偶liwe, gdyby wiedza o wyst臋powaniu sutk贸w dodatkowych by艂a bardziej powszechna, zar贸wno w艣r贸d specjalist贸w, jak i lekarzy podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej.The authors presented a rare case of an invasive ductal carcinoma of accessory breast located in an armpit. Therapeutic difficulties due to untypical placement were pointed out, which resulted in the delay in final diagnosis and proper treatment. More recent diagnosis would have been possible if the knowledge of polymastia had been more common among consultant surgeons and general practitioners
The author's own experience in treating anal fistulas in the years 2006-2009
Praca po艣wi臋cona jest przedstawieniu w艂asnych do艣wiadcze艅 w leczeniu przetok oko艂oodbytniczych w Katedrze i Oddziale Klinicznym Chirurgii Og贸lnej i Gastroenterologicznej 艢UM w Bytomiu w latach 2006-2009. Prezentowane s膮 w niej trudno艣ci w leczeniu przetok, wielo艣膰 ich postaci, stosowane zabiegi operacyjne, przyczyny niepowodze艅 w leczeniu chirurgicznym przetok oraz czynniki decyduj膮ce o powodzeniu leczenia. Wyniki oparte s膮 na analizie 56 operacji przetok oko艂oodbytniczych u 45 m臋偶czyzn w wieku 艣rednio 49,98(+/-14,5) lat i 11 kobiet 艣rednia wieku 50,28(+/-13,51) lat. Z grupy wy艂膮czono chorych leczonych z powodu przetok oko艂oodbytniczych w przebiegu choroby Le艣niowskiego-Crohna (3 osoby).The paper presents the author's experience in the treatment of anal fistulas at the Faculty and Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Silesian University of Medicine in Bytom during the years 2006-2009. The following problems are presented: difficulties in treating fistulas, the multiplicity of their forms, the surgical procedures performed, the main causes of failures in surgical treatments and the factors determining success in treatment. The results are based on the analysis of 56 operations of anal fistulas performed on 45 men at the mean age of 49.98 (+/-14,5) years and 11 women, at the mean age of 50.28 (+/-13.51) years. Three patients were excluded from the group due to anal fistulas that resulted in the course of Crohn's disease