Iron(III)-Modified Tungstophosphoric Acid Supported on Titania Catalyst: Synthesis, Characterization, and Friedel–Craft Acylation of <i>m</i>‑Xylene

The Friedel–Craft acylation of <i>m</i>-xylene with benzoyl chloride over iron-modified tungstophosphoric acid supported on titania was investigated. It was found that FeTPA/TiO₂ catalyst displayed excellent catalytic performance for this reaction. Furthermore, a series of catalysts were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, NH₃-TPD, and Py-IR. The results indicated that both the Lewis acidity and the textural properties presented significant influences on their catalytic performance. Moreover, the influence of catalyst calcination temperature to the above reaction was also studied. The reaction parameters, including reaction temperature, catalyst dose, and molar ratio of <i>m</i>-xylene to benzoyl chloride, were optimized, and a 95.1% yield of 2,4-dimethylbenzophenone was obtained under optimal conditions. Finally, the kinetics of the benzoylation of <i>m</i>-xylene over 30% FeTPA/TiO₂ was established

(1R,2R)-(+)-(1,2)-DPEN-Bonded Sulfonic Acid Resin: A Trifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Additions of Acetone to Nitroolefins

<div><p></p><p>Based on (1R,2R)-(+)-(1,2)-DPEN skeleton, a series of primary amine–sulfamide bifunctional catalysts were synthesized, which exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the Michael addition of acetone to β-nitrostyrene. Therefore, a trifunctional heterogeneous catalyst was designed and prepared by simple N-sulfonyl reaction of (1R,2R)-(+)-(1,2)-DPEN and sulfonyl chloride resin. It was employed for the aforementioned addition without any additive and satisfactory results (80.5% conversion; 84.3% <i>ee</i>) were obtained. Meanwhile, the structural and textural properties of the catalyst were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, SEM, and N₂ adsorption and desorption experiments. Finally, the generality of the catalyst was investigated.</p></div