A Qiang Perspective on Promoting the Rehabilitation of Children Affected by the Earthquake

The Qiang ethnic minority had a population of around 300,000 at the time of the earthquake. The Qiang mostly inhabit the poorest and most socially disadvantaged remote rural mountainous areas of the Wen Chuan and Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous Counties of Sichuan. The Qiang have a continuous cultural history dating from the Diqiang groups of the Xia Dynasty (16th to 11th century BC). They have their own language and animistic belief system, and have developed their own traditional ways of dealing with disasters. The Qiang’s myth of “Bubita” (God) and the legend of “Mutazhu and Douanzhu” (a heroic story) are key messages in understanding disasters; the village “Duyaomao” (poisonous cat, meaning witch) is important for explaining children’s illness and health. The rites conducted by the Shibi (cultural leader) are the core activity in advocating collective action for responding to disaster. To reach out quickly to children who have been affected by their traumatic experiences, many volunteers have given their assistance, including doctors, psychologists, counselling staff and social workers. In particular, a large-scale program of psychiatric counselling/therapies administered by the government is being carried out. However, employing psychological counselling and psychiatric therapies from the western individualistic perspective has led to a dilemma for public health based on medical/psychological agendas. Widespread evidence has also shown that there is a very limited effect from outside community visitors, whose one-off, inconsistent, non-indigenous messages do not carry over into the children’s everyday lives. The need for an indigenous approach is stressed

The unique rapid variabilities of the iron Kα\alpha line profiles in NGC 4151

We present a detailed analysis of the iron K$\alpha$ line variabilities in NGC 4151 by using long ASCA observation data obtained in May 1995. Despite the relatively small amplitude variations in the continuum flux, the iron K$\alpha$ line flux and profile show dramatic variations. Particularly, the line profile changes from single peak to seeming double peaks and back in time scales of a few 10$^4$ sec. The seemingly double-peaked profiles can be well interpreted as line emission from a Keplerian ring around a massive black hole. An absorption line at around 5.9 keV is also marginnaly detected. We discussed current Fe K line models, but none of them can well explain the observed line and continuum variations.Comment: 18 pages, latex, 3 figures, ApJ accepte

Bis(2-amino­benzothia­zol-3-ium) bis­(7-oxabicyclo­[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxyl­ato-κ3 O 2,O 3,O 7)nickelate(II) hexa­hydrate

In the title compound, (C7H7N2S)2[Ni(C8H8O5)2]·6H2O, the NiII cation is located on an inversion center and is O,O′,O′′-chelated by two symmetry-related 7-oxabicyclo­[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxyl­ate anions in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The 2-amino­benzothia­zol-3-ium cation links with the Ni complex anion via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Extensive O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the lattice water mol­ecules also occur in the crystal structure

Hidden Tree Structure is a Key to the Emergence of Scaling in the World Wide Web

Preferential attachment is the most popular explanation for the emergence of scaling behavior in the World Wide Web, but this explanation has been challenged by the global information hypothesis, the existence of linear preference and the emergence of new big internet companies in the real world. We notice that most websites have an obvious feature that their pages are organized as a tree (namely hidden tree) and hence propose a new model that introduces a hidden tree structure into the Erd\H{o}s-R\'e}yi model by adding a new rule: when one node connects to another, it should also connect to all nodes in the path between these two nodes in the hidden tree. The experimental results show that the degree distribution of the generated graphs would obey power law distributions and have variable high clustering coefficients and variable small average lengths of shortest paths. The proposed model provides an alternative explanation to the emergence of scaling in the World Wide Web without the above-mentioned difficulties, and also explains the "preferential attachment" phenomenon.Comment: 4 Pages, 7 Figure

The measurement of time spent outdoors in child myopia research: a systematic review

The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods most commonly used to measure time spent outdoors and provide a comprehensive review of time and activity recording methods with the aim of encouraging the development of new methods. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from Jan. 1st, 1990 to Aug. 31th, 2017. Studies including the following specific terms: “outdoor”, “outside”, “outdoor activity”, “outside activity”, “outdoor time”, “outside time”, and “outdoor AND measurement of time spent outdoors” were considered for this review. In total, three kinds of outdoor time measurements were discussed. Questionnaires have the longest history and are the most thoroughly revised instruments for assessing time spent outdoors, but recall bias is their most substantial drawback. Global positioning system (GPS) tracking can distinguish between indoor and outdoor locations, but its utility is limited due to several factors such as subject compatibility. Light exposure measurement devices are newly emerging, but all of these devices require good subject cooperation. Further efforts and exploration are needed to develop better methods and new tools to record exposure to the outdoors in real time. Moreover, inventing a new device by combining two or more types of devices mentioned above and using the latest technology of en ergy supplementation and autoswitching may make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages of each tool