Fault Detection using Dynamic Parity Space Approach

This paper review the effectiveness of the parity space approach to identify faults or disturbance in a system. The most commonly used is the observer based procedures, and redundancy relationship method. This involves analytical mathematical analysis of geometry and bilinear algebra. Then, technological advances which require complex computation such as artificial intelligence and genetic algorithm had made tremendous improvement to fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) analysis. Dynamic Parity Space Approach was studied for a discrete state-space model. Important data will be extracted using this approach especially for residual generation which is the backbones of FDI analysis. Subsequently, at each time instant k, the generated residuals will form a matrix that will define the fault signature. It is remarkable that this approach is proven in this study to be effective in diagnosis and faults isolation

GPS Signal Strength Due to Ionospheric Scintillation: Preliminary Models Over Sarawak

The renowned effect of space weather is fluctuation in the amplitude of the radio signal that propagates in the ionosphere especially in the equatorial region. This fluctuation is also referred to as scintillation that will intense, degrades the signal quality, reduce the information content, or cause failure of the signal reception. Space-based radio navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) will provide us with a unique opportunity to characterize the ionospheric scintillation effect as the signals propagate from the satellites to the GPS receiver. Sarawak, which is located near to the equatorial region, has been selected for the aim of this research. By using amplitude scintillation data recorded by the GPS Ionospheric Scintillation & TEC Monitor (GISTM), ionospheric irregularities along the path was examined and related to the signal strength performance. Methods and procedures to study and analyze the amplitude scintillation data are presented. Furthermore, the amplitude scintillation parameter is related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in order to model the GPS satellite signal strength in this region. The preliminary developed SNR empirical models are a function of amplitude scintillation from the reference station path to the satellites. These contribute to the knowledge of received satellite signals strength performance in terms of ionospheric amplitude scintillation

A Methodology for Wind Energy Evaluation in Complex Terrain Regions of Sarawak

Wind power is the safest, cleanest resource and has emerged as the speediest growing renewable energy in terms of annual installed capacity. Before a wind-drive system is set up, thorough wind resource assessment (WRA) must be conducted. In this paper, a methodology based on ground-station and topographical neural network modeled data is proposed to study the wind energy potential, in the monitored location and areas not covered by directly measurement instrumentation at Kuching. A new topographical feed forward neural network (T-FFNN) back propagation trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), which consists of three layers was used to model the wind speed profile. The daily 10 m height, average hourly measured wind speed data for a period of ten years (2003-2012) for eight stations operated by Malaysia Meteorological Department (MMD) were used for the training, testing and validation. The geographical, meteorological and synthesized topographical parameters were used as input data, whereas the monthly wind speeds as the objective function. The optimum topology with maximum mean absolute percentage error of 6.4 % and correlation value of 0.9946 between the reference measured and predicted was obtained. The predicted monthly wind speed varied from 1.3-1.98 m/s with an average annual wind speed of 1.62 m/s. The characteristics of ground -based station was analyzed and presented. It was found in all the areas examined that the wind power falls within a low power density class (PD ≤ 100w/m2 ). Results from the micro-sizing showed an annual energy output (AEO) in the range of 4-12 MWh/year

Wireless Sensor Networks for Swift Bird Farms Monitoring

This paper provides an in-depth study of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application to monitor and control the swift habitat. A set of system is designed and developed which includes the node's hardware, GUI software, sensor network, and interconnectivity for remote data access and management. System architecture is proposed to address the requirements for habitat monitoring. The application driven designed, provides and identifies important areas of work in data sampling, communications and networking. In this monitoring system, a sensor node (MTS400), IRIS and Micaz radio transceivers, and a USB interfaced gateway base station of Crossbow (Xbow) Technology WSN are employed. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is written using a Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) along with Xbow Technology drivers provided by National Instrument. This monitoring system is capable of collecting data and presents it in both tables and waveform charts for further analysis. This system is also able to send notification messages by e-mail, whenever changes on the swift habitat at remote sites (swift farms) occur, via the Internet connectivity. Other functions that have been implemented in this system are the database system for record and management purposes; remote access through the internet using LogMeIn software. Finally, this research draws a conclusion that a wireless sensor network for monitoring swift habitat can be effectively used to monitor and manage swift farming industry in Sarawak

Performance Evaluation for Network Set up and Nodes Discovery Protocol in Underwater Grid Topology Networks

There has been a large volume of research invested over the last decade into overcoming the difficulties inherent with propagation of information bearing signals through the underwater acoustic communications. This has been driven by an increasing demand for reliable and high capacity Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs). Applications of interest in this area include oceanographic information gathering, environmental monitoring and coastal defence. One of the major challenges in the UANs area of research is the development of a networking protocol that can cope with the adverse underwater environment. We proposed a scheme to perform node discovery based on time of arrival by only one seed node (Primary Seed) placed in known position. The primary seed is capable of determining neighbouring nodes and eventually all nodes in the network without GPS. The protocol of discovery and algorithms of selecting the next seed node that is capable of node discovery and gain their connectivity are suggested. In this paper the structured grid topology networks is used to compare and evaluate the performances of the algorithms. By the end of node discovery, each node will have the knowledge of nodes identification; number of nodes in the network and direction all other nodes

Wireless Sensor Networks for Swiftlet Farms Monitoring

This paper provides an in-depth study of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application to monitor and control the swiftlet habitat. A set of system design is designed and developed that includes the hardware design of the nodes, Graphical User Interface (GUI) software, sensor network, and interconnectivity for remote data access and management. System architecture is proposed to address the requirements for habitat monitoring. Such applicationdriven design provides and identify important areas of further work in data sampling, communications and networking. For this monitoring system, a sensor node (MTS400), IRIS and Micaz radio transceivers, and a USB interfaced gateway base station of Crossbow (Xbow) Technology WSN are employed. The GUI of this monitoring system is written using a Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) along with Xbow Technology drivers provided by National Instrument. As a result, this monitoring system is capable of collecting data and presents it in both tables and waveform charts for further analysis. This system is also able to send notification message by email provided Internet connectivity is available whenever changes on habitat at remote sites (swiftlet farms) occur. Other functions that have been implemented in this system are the database system for record and management purposes; remote access through the internet using LogMeIn software. Finally, this research draws a conclusion that a WSN for monitoring swiftlet habitat can be effectively used to monitor and manage swiftlet farming industry in Sarawak