Postpartum Coccydynia: an Anatomy Overview

Coccydynia is a term that refers to a painful condition in and around the coccyx. This symptom is typically a discomfort or pain which is felt when sitting for long time and when rising from sitting position. Many physiologic and psychological factors contribute to its etiology, but the majority of cases were found to be aggravated by pregnancy and childbirth (postpartum). Luxation and fracture of the coccyx are the two most common lesion of postpartum coccydynia. This poster shows an anatomy overview especially the coccyx to increase the understanding about this sympto

Inflammation and the Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are adult non-hematopoietic stem cells with multilineage proliferation and differentiation capabilities. This type of stem cell has the multipotent ability to differentiate into osteocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes and  bone marrow stromal cells. The migration mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell is not yet fully understood, but based on studies  that  have  been  done  recently  by  the  researchers  worldwide  shown  that  the inflammatory process plays an important role for mesenchymal stem cell migration. A number of chemokine that plays a role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells such as MCP-1 (CCL2), CXCL8, RANTES (CCL5), LL-37, integrin β1, CD44 receptor, CCR2, CCR3, and tyrosine kinase receptors for the following growth factors: IGF -1, PDGF-bb, HGF and VEG

Peningkatan hasil belajar perkalian menggunakan model pembelajaran numbered-heads together pada siswa kelas III-B MI Masyhudiyah Gresik

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Numbered-Heads Together dan peningkatan hasil belajar matematika materi perkalian pada siswa kelas III-B MI Masyhudiyah Gresik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan model Kurt Lewin. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan observasi, wawancara, tes tertulis, non tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Penelitian ini telah berjalan dengan baik dan berhasil mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar matematika melalui model pembelajaran Numbered-Heads Together (NHT) pada siswa kelas III-B MI Masyhudiyah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai akhir aktivitas guru siklus I mendapat 82,5 (baik) dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 95.83 (sangat baik). Sedangkan, nilai akhir aktivitas siswa juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sebesar 80 (baik) menjadi 95 (sangat baik) pada sikus II. Hal ini juga dapat dibuktikan dengan nilai hasil belajar pada pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II. Pada pra siklus persentase keberhasilan kelas 57,89% (kurang) dan rata-rata 72,10 (cukup), siklus I diperoleh persentase keberhasilan kelas 78,94% (baik) dan rata-rata 80,46 (baik) dan pada siklus II persentase keberhasilan kelas dan rata-rata meningkat dengan 94,73% (sangat baik) dan rata-rata 91,91 (sangat baik) dan telah memenuhi indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan

PERBANDINGAN INTERPRETASI HASIL PEMERIKSAAN TUBEX TF DAN SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM DALAM MENDETEKSI IgM ANTI Salmonella enterica SEROVAR typhi

Rapid detection of anti Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) IgM antibodies remain challenge in the laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever. Among rapid test kits used to detect IgM anti S. typhi are TUBEX TF (IDL Biotech) and SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM (Standard Diagnostics, Inc.). Research�s objective was to analyze the relationship and compare the test results of TUBEX TF and SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM, also to know the color intensity of SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM�s test result which is correspond to negative, weak positive and positive result of TUBEX TF�s test. Serum samples from 36 patients first examinated with TUBEX TF. Then, the same serum undergone examination again with SD BIOLINE. The results showed that the TUBEX TF positive IgM for 18 samples (50%) and negative for 18 samples (50%). While the SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM kit showed negative IgM results for 36 samples (100%). Statistical analysis by determining the value of Kappa to calculate compatibility / accuracy between TUBEX TF and SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM can not be done. The reason is because none of the SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM�s test results are positive, so it is not obtained any conformity between these examination. Thus it is not possible to know the color intensity of SD BIOLINE Salmonella typhi IgG/IgM�s test result which is correspond to negative, weak positive and positive result of TUBEX TF�s test result

Respiratory Care: Tsunami and Flood

The causes of morbidity and mortality due to infection in the population survived from tsunami mainly because of the aspiration of tsunami water caused abnormalities in the lower respiratory tract, either directly or indirectly. Tsunami lung is a lung disorder that is associated with a tsunami-related effect on the lungs, including consequences of chemicals aspiration and also bacterial pneumonia. The direct manifestations of the tsunami lung depends on the severity in the form of an acute respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Indirect manifestations can occur after one year due to dust inhalation of the tsunami material residues that contains organic or inorganic particles, which results in a decrease in lung function. Treatment in the acute phase should refer to the etiology and clinical manifestations, but the use of fiber optic bronchoscopy is an alternative. Handling indirect manifestations due to decreased lung function is carried out symptomatically and requires continuous evaluation

Hygiene Practices: Are They Protective Factors For Eczema Symptoms?

Introduction: Exact etiology and proper treatment of eczema are still unknown. The hygiene hypothesis and epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis attempted to give some plausible explanations for these issues but they still remain unclear. The identification of factors, including hygiene practices, related to eczema symptoms (ES) could shed some light on these matters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors related to ES and the ES prevalence in two disparate areas in terms of urbanization in Aceh, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted among schoolchildren living in urban and rural Aceh. Data on ES, sociodemographic characteristics, environmental factors, partial ablution and other hygiene related factors were collected by parental questionnaires. In addition, children’s anthropometric measurements were also collected. Results: The prevalence of current ES in the study population was 21%. When stratifying by residency, the prevalence of ES in urban and rural area was 20.93% versus 21.05%. Partial ablution was independently associated with a reduced risk of ES (OR ¼ 0.36; 95% CI 0.13–0.96). Important risk factors for ES were paternal history of allergic disease (OR ¼ 4.09%; 95% CI 1.51–11.11) and belonging to the older group of schoolchildren (10–13 years old) (OR ¼ 2.57; 95% CI 1.03–6.40). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the prevalence of ES between urban and rural settings, and partial ablution had a protective effect on ES. These findings support the epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis as a possible pathway of eczema

Attitude towards Zika among frontline physicians in a dengue-endemic country: A preliminary cross-sectional study in Indonesia

In dengue-endemic countries such as Indonesia, Zika may be misdiagnosed as dengue, leading to underestimates of Zika disease and less foreknowledge of pregnancy-related complications such as microcephaly. Objective: To assess the attitudes of frontline physicians in a dengue-endemic country toward testing for Zika infection among patients with dengue-like illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) in Indonesia. The survey assessed their attitude and also collected sociodemographic data, characteristics of their medical education, professional background, and workplace, and exposure to Zika cases. A two-step logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible variables associated with these attitudes. Results: A total of 370 GPs were included in the final analysis of which 70.8% had good attitude. Unadjusted analyses suggested that GPs who were 30 years old or older and those who had medical experience five years or longer had lower odds of having a positive attitude compared to those who aged younger than 30 years and those who had medical experience less than five years, OR: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.91 and OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.35, 0.86, respectively. No explanatory variable was associated with attitude in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: Our findings point to younger GPs with a shorter medical experience being more likely to consider testing for Zika infection among their patients presenting with dengue-like illnesses. Strategic initiatives may be needed to enhance older or longer-experienced physicians' capacity in diagnosing Zika infection