IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGE-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA AGAINST PATHOGENIC VIBRIO SPP. CAUSES VIBRIOSIS IN SHRIMPS

Objective: This study was aimed to isolate and screen marine sponge-associated bacteria producing anti-Vibrio compounds and to identify their compounds from the bacterial extract. Methods: Sponge-associated bacteria were isolated by spread plate method. Their anti-Vibrio activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. vulnificus was determined by dual culture test. Three potential isolates were identified based on 16S-rRNA gene analysis. All isolates producing anti-Vibrio compounds was tested for their haemolytic characters in blood agar medium. Anti-Vibrio activity of the most potential isolate was also tested by using its supernatant, extract, and concentrated culture. Chemical composition of crude extract derived from that isolate was identified by GC-MS analysis. Results: 68 bacterial isolates have been isolated from the marine sponge, Spongia sp., Svenzea sp., Ircinia sp., and Igernella sp. Of 68 isolates, 15 (22%) isolates had anti-Vibrio activities in various spectra against three Vibrio species, including V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. All isolates producing anti-Vibrio compounds were non-haemolytic. Bacterial isolates coded as D6.6, D6.19, and P4.17 have broad spectra. They could inhibit at least two Vibrio species as indicated by the clear zone formed around bacterial colonies. Based on 16S-rRNA, these isolates were closely related (similarity ≥ 99%) to Brevibacterium casei strain M Sw oHS, Bacillus altitudinis strain FJAT 47750, and Bacillus altitudinis strain PgBe190, respectively. D6.6 isolate was the most potential isolate, which could inhibit three Vibrio species. Consistently, its anti-Vibrio activity also confirmed by their supernatant, concentrated culture, and crude extract of that isolate. The crude extract derived from this isolate contained 10 major compounds that are biologically active. Conclusion: This study suggests that 15 bacteria strains isolated from marine sponges were potentially could inhibit Vibrio’s growth in vitro. These isolate could be further explored as anti-Vibrio agent

Power and Torque Analysis in Electric Vehicle Prototype Design

Automotive developments led to increased demand for fuel. Vehicle need fossil fuels to move them, while the fossil energy in this world is decreasing over time because fossil energy cannot be renewed. This has triggered the development of the use of electrical energy in the transportation system as a substitute for fossil fuels whose energy source is from renewable energy such as biomass energy (such as methane), hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and solar energy. One method that can be done to reduce the use of fossil energy is by utilizing electrical energy as an energy source in cars. In this study, an electric car prototype was designed using a three-phase induction motor with 3 HP power as the main driving force. To find out the power consumption and torque produced, it is necessary to analyze the calculation of power and torque when loaded and without load. In this research, the electric car prototype uses load variants, 40 kg, 60 kg, and 100 kg. Where the maximum torque that can be generated by the motor when no load is 9.94 Nm and when it is loaded is a variation of the load of 100 kg of 11.80 N.m. Calculation of the maximum power that can be generated by the motor when no load is 1976.94 watts and when loaded is a variation of 100 kg of 1202.59 watts. The data from the calculation of torque is inversely proportional to power, where the greater the power, the smaller the torque produced

PELATIHAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK SEDERHANA SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA BANGUASRI KECAMATAN BARAT KABUPATEN MAGETAN

Pada saat ini perkembangan teknologi dalam berbagai hal telah berkembang pesat begitu pula dalam pertanian, dengan hal ini masyarakat bisa memanfaatkan lahan kosong dipekarangan rumah untuk bercocok tanam dengan cara hidroponik. Kegiataan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ilmu dan pengalaman baru dalam bercocok tanam. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemaparan materi, praktik dan pelatihan tanaman hidroponik, pendampingan, dan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil yang bisa didapat dari pelatihan pemberdayaan hidroponik ini, antaranya penggunaan lahan yang lebih efesien, Tanaman berproduksi dengan memanfaatkan air, waktu tanam singkat, dan hasil produksi lebih tinggi dan lebih bersih

Toward Water, Energy, and Food Security in Rural Indonesia: A Review

Indonesia is an archipelago with significant variations in natural resources, infrastructure, socioeconomic, culture, human resource capacity, accessibility, and access to financial and technical assistance. In this situation, integrated and unique efforts are needed to manage natural resources and build synergy between their protection and utilization to achieve water, energy, and food (WEF) security in accordance with the SDG targets. This paper analyzes the implementations of the WEF nexus in rural Indonesia by examining existing legal frameworks and other related policies, journals, textbooks, and publications. We explore factors influencing the success and failure of the implementation of the WEF nexus approaches from technical, socioeconomic, cultural, political, and institutional perspectives of the rural development framework