Conductance of electrolytes in 1-propanol solutions from −40 to 25°C

Conductance data for solutions of LiCl, NaBr, NaI, KI, KSCN, RbI, Et4NI, Pr4NI, Bu4NI, Bu4NClO4, n-Am4NI, i-Am4NI, n-Hept4NI, Me2Bu2NI, MeBu3NI, EtBu3NI, i-Am3BuNI, and i-Am3BuNBPh4 in 1-propanol at –40, –30, –20, –10, 0, 10, and 25°C are communicated and discussed. Evaluation of the data is performed on the basis of a conductance equation that includes a term in c3/2. Single ion conductances at 25 and 10°C are determined with the help of transference numbers t o + (KSCN/PrOH); the data are compared to data estimated by other methods. Ion-pair association constants and their temperature dependence are discussed in terms of contact and solvent separated ion pairs, and the role of non-coulombic forces is shown with the help of an appropriate splitting of the Gibbs energy of ion-pair formation

Information- and Coding-Theoretic Analysis of the RLWE Channel

Several cryptosystems based on the \emph{Ring Learning with Errors} (RLWE) problem have been proposed within the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization process, e.g. NewHope. Furthermore, there are systems like Kyber which are based on the closely related MLWE assumption. Both previously mentioned schemes feature a non-zero decryption failure rate (DFR). The combination of encryption and decryption for these kinds of algorithms can be interpreted as data transmission over noisy channels. To the best of our knowledge this paper is the first work that analyzes the capacity of this channel. We show how to modify the encryption schemes such that the input alphabets of the corresponding channels are increased. In particular, we present lower bounds on their capacities which show that the transmission rate can be significantly increased compared to standard proposals in the literature. Furthermore, under the common assumption of stochastically independent coefficient failures, we give lower bounds on achievable rates based on both the Gilbert-Varshamov bound and concrete code constructions using BCH codes. By means of our constructions, we can either increase the total bitrate (by a factor of $1.84$ for Kyber and by factor of $7$ for NewHope) while guaranteeing the same \emph{decryption failure rate} (DFR). Moreover, for the same bitrate, we can significantly reduce the DFR for all schemes considered in this work (e.g., for NewHope from $2^{-216}$ to $2^{-12769}$).Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, 3 table

2 kirja A. de Vignolles`ile, Berlin

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1890571~S1*es

Nanoparticle detection in an open-access silicon microcavity

We report on the detection of free nanoparticles in a micromachined, open-access Fabry-P\'erot microcavity. With a mirror separation of $130\,\mu$m, a radius of curvature of $1.3\,$mm, and a beam waist of $12\,\mu$m, the mode volume of our symmetric infrared cavity is smaller than $15\,$pL. The small beam waist, together with a finesse exceeding 34,000, enables the detection of nano-scale dielectric particles in high vacuum. This device allows monitoring of the motion of individual $150\,$nm radius silica nanospheres in real time. We observe strong coupling between the particles and the cavity field, a precondition for optomechanical control. We discuss the prospects for optical cooling and detection of dielectric particles smaller than $10\,$nm in radius and $1\times10^7\,$amu in mass.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure