Analitički studij kapitalnog restrukturiranja procesa metalurških tvrtki u svijetu i Poljskoj

The article presents the most common directions of changes in capital groups in the sector of metallurgy around the world and in Poland. During the observation of the restructuring activities in metallurgy the attention was turned to the integration of the capital groups, capital outsourcing and contract outsourcing, creation and the takeover of the dependent companies. The meaning of the capital consolidation was underlined on the global metallurgy market in order to gain competitive advantage through the increase of manufacturing capacity. The overview of the rating of the global steel producers in years 1989-2009 was conducted with this article in mind and it has shown the changes in the participation of particular capital groups in the world production of steel.Članak iznosi najvažnije zajedničke putokaze izmjena glavnih skupina proizvođača u metalurškom sektoru u svijetu i Poljskoj. Tijekom motrenja restrukturiranja aktivnosti u metalurgiji, pozornost je usmjerena na integraciju glavnih skupina i međusobnih ugovora, zatečeno stanje zavisnih tvrtki. Nakana glavnih konsolidacija je bila podređenost globalnom metalurškom tržištu sukladno konkurentskim prednostima kroz povećanje kapaciteta proizvodnje. Glavni pogledi na procjenu globalnih proizvođača čelika u godinama 1989.-2009. su pokazani u ovom članku uz ponašanje i izmjene sudjelovanja pojedinih glavnih skupina u svjetskoj proizvodnji čelika

Analitički studij kapitalnog restrukturiranja procesa metalurških tvrtki u svijetu i Poljskoj

The article presents the most common directions of changes in capital groups in the sector of metallurgy around the world and in Poland. During the observation of the restructuring activities in metallurgy the attention was turned to the integration of the capital groups, capital outsourcing and contract outsourcing, creation and the takeover of the dependent companies. The meaning of the capital consolidation was underlined on the global metallurgy market in order to gain competitive advantage through the increase of manufacturing capacity. The overview of the rating of the global steel producers in years 1989-2009 was conducted with this article in mind and it has shown the changes in the participation of particular capital groups in the world production of steel.Članak iznosi najvažnije zajedničke putokaze izmjena glavnih skupina proizvođača u metalurškom sektoru u svijetu i Poljskoj. Tijekom motrenja restrukturiranja aktivnosti u metalurgiji, pozornost je usmjerena na integraciju glavnih skupina i međusobnih ugovora, zatečeno stanje zavisnih tvrtki. Nakana glavnih konsolidacija je bila podređenost globalnom metalurškom tržištu sukladno konkurentskim prednostima kroz povećanje kapaciteta proizvodnje. Glavni pogledi na procjenu globalnih proizvođača čelika u godinama 1989.-2009. su pokazani u ovom članku uz ponašanje i izmjene sudjelovanja pojedinih glavnih skupina u svjetskoj proizvodnji čelika

Coopetition as a development stimulator of enterprises in the networked steel sector

The article deals with the problems of coopetition, i.e. simultaneous cooperation and competition between enterprises. This phenomenon is becoming more and more common in the steel industry, initially in the dimension of individual alliances, and currently it takes a form of network connections. The different groups of enterprises are involved in these networks: global players, regional champions, as well as niche specialists. Through the coopetition companies achieve benefits (both internal and external) which are becoming the stimulator of survival and growth in a highly competitive steel industry

Knowledge transfer in networks – the case of steel enteprises in Poland

The paper describes the problems of knowledge transfer in networks based on the steel industry in Poland. Knowledge is the key element in the development of a company’s competitiveness. This is particularly important in the case of networking, where there is a process of mutual learning between partners. Based on the example of Arcelor-Mittal Group, the transfer of knowledge within an intra-organizational network was presented

Computer simulation of the aluminium extrusion process

The purpose of the work is computer simulation of the aluminium extrusion process using the Finite elements method (FEM). The impact of the speed of a punch falling on the material in the aluminium extrusion process was investigated. It was found that high stresses are created, leading to material destruction, if the punch is falling too fast. The design cycle is significantly reduced in multiple industrial applications if the FEM is applied, which enhances productivity and profits

The thickness of the ventral midline of the spinal cord in human embryos during the fifth week

The thickness of the ventral midline of the spinal cord was determined in 9 human embryos aged five weeks (developmental stages 13-15). This part of the spinal cord consists of floor plate, mantle and marginal layers. The floor plate ependymal cells form pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The thickness of the investigated structure varied from 20 to 50 micrometers at different levels of the spinal cord

Cooperative business models in steel enterprises in Poland

The paper presents the concept of cooperative business models in steel enterprises in Poland. The starting point is the presentation of the concept of business models, which is defined as a way of doing business based on cooperation between enterprises. This paper presents two collaborative business models, namely outsourcing and alliance networks, comparing the theoretical assumptions with the results of research carried out in steel enterprises in Poland

Topography of the infraorbital foramen in human skulls originating from different time periods

Background: The infraorbital foramen (IOF) is present on the maxilla under theinfraorbital margin. Its identification is essential in various surgical procedures. Themain aim of this study was the morphometric assessment of the position of the rightand left infraorbital foramina in relation to specific structural elements of the facialskeleton, their width and direction, and also the determination of the location ofthese foramina above maxillary teeth in examined male skulls (belonging to Europeanpopulations) dated to the beginning of the 20th century and the medieval andpost-medieval period. This aim concerned also the assessment of the symmetry ofthe examined foramina (their location and size). An additional goal was to determinedifferences between the cranial samples concerning the analysed traits.Materials and methods: The six metric and two non-metric traits concerning theIOF were collected from the male cranial samples including modern skulls (n = 87),the medieval and post-medieval skulls (from 13th centuries and 15–17th centuries,respectively; n = 47) obtained from archaeological excavations in Wroclaw, and thesample of the medieval skulls (11–13th centuries, n = 100) from Sypniewo. The sexand age of the specimens were determined using the standard methodology. Theappropriate statistical analysis was performed.Results: Significant differences were established for three traits (taken from the leftand right side) in the case of modern skulls (diameter of IOF, its distance to the midline,and zygomaticomaxillary suture) and one in the case of medieval skulls from Sypniewo(distance to the midline). In all of the cranial samples IOF most frequently occurred abovethe first upper molar. The greater diameter of IOF and its shorter distance to the alveolarcrest and nasal notch were observed in non-modern skulls compared to modern skulls.Conclusions: The results of this study provide new additional data on the topography ofIOF and its asymmetry, confirm the presence of both geographical and chronological differencesbetween populations, and can be used in dental practice, and forensic odontologyin the analysis of archaeological bone materials

Formation of management and technological maturity levels of enterprises for their dynamic development

Currently, the market environment contains many factors influencing the enterprise’s competitiveness. Instability, the unpredictability of events, and insufficiently effective functioning of market mechanisms alter the management focus and processes engaged in an enterprise’s functioning. Some of them are intensive in terms of required resources and finance. Such a dynamic situation requires the enterprise management to build innovative solutions to flexibly respond and timely adapt to change. Therefore, this study aims to develop theoretical and applied approaches to determining the level of managerial and technological maturity of the basic set of technologies implemented in enterprises. In the context of this issue’s development and aiming to achieve the purpose, the study proposed a model approach where the introduction of individual technologies allows combining the rules for determining the enterprise’s management and the technological maturity level, i.e., its readiness for such changes. The construction of the model was based on the analysis and calculation of statistical data from four groups of technologies (corporate, industrial, decision support, and information technologies, which are divided into subclasses) and based on the theory of dynamic innovation development. The results were tested at seven food industry enterprises in Ukraine. Based on the study, the actual level of managerial and technological maturity of enterprises was determined, creating one complex set of technologies that depend on the level and structural changes in management and the level of technological maturity of enterprises. It can be used as a typical model for differently sized enterprises representing various industries

Micro-endoscopy of the human vas deferens: a feasibility study of a novel device in several ex vivo models

The aim of this study was to show limitation as well as potential of micro-endoscopy techniques as an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approach in andrology. Two kinds of custom-made micro-endoscopes (ME) were tested in ex vivo vas deferens specimen and in post-mortem whole body. The semi-rigid ME included a micro-optic (0.9mm outer diameter [OD], 10.000 pixels, 120 degrees vision angle [VE], 3-20mm field depth [FD]) and an integrated fibre-optic light source. The flexible ME was composed of a micro-optic (OD=0.6mm, 6.000 pixels, 120 degrees VE, 3-20mm FD). The ex vivo study included retrograde investigation of the vas deferens (surgical specimen n=9, radical prostatectomy n=3). The post-mortem investigation (n=4) included the inspection of the vas deferens via both approaches. The results showed that antegrade and retrograde rigid endoscopy of the vas deferens were achieved as a diagnostic tool. The working channel enabled therapeutic use including biopsies or baskets. Using the flexible ME, the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts were identified. In vivo cadaveric retrograde cannulation of the orifices was successful. Post-mortem changes of verumontanum hindered the examinations beyond. Orifices were identified shaded behind a thin transparent membrane. Antegrade vasoscopy using flexible ME was possible up to the internal inguinal ring. Further advancement was impossible because of anatomical angle and lack adequate vision guidance. The vas deferens interior was clearly visible and was documented by pictures and movies. Altogether, the described ME techniques were feasible and effective, offering the potential of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for use in the genital tract. Several innovative indications could be expected