A Symmetric Approach to Compilation and Decompilation

Just as specializing a source interpreter can achieve compilation from a source language to a target language, we observe that specializing a target interpreter can achieve compilation from the target language to the source language. In both cases, the key issue is the choice of whether to perform an evaluation or to emit code that represents this evaluation. We substantiate this observation by specializing two source interpreters and two target interpreters. We first consider a source language of arithmetic expressions and a target language for a stack machine, and then the lambda-calculus and the SECD-machine language. In each case, we prove that the target-to-source compiler is a left inverse of the source-to-target compiler, i.e., it is a decompiler. In the context of partial evaluation, compilation by source-interpreter specialization is classically referred to as a Futamura projection. By symmetry, it seems logical to refer to decompilation by target-interpreter specialization as a Futamura embedding

Inter-industry wage differentials: What do we know?

Substantial wage differentials are observed in all countries between workers employed in different sectors. How can we explain these wage differentials? Do they entirely derive from the sectoral diversity in personal productive characteristics and task descriptions or do employer features also play a role? Are inter-industry wage differentials smaller in countries with centralised and coordinated collective bargaining? Are they shaped by international trade and product market regulations? What is their impact on gender and other types of inequality? Do they affect economic performance? These are the main questions that we address in this review of the literature.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe