Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/84</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():84-84.</p><p>Published online 8 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2089077.</p><p></p>CCP (0.5 μmol/L). HOrelease from cultures for 1 min was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Results were normalized by cell density. Columns represent the means ± SD of HOvalues obtained from five to nine cultures. Dotted line represents a detection limit of the assay (7 nmol/L). B: CGN cultures were pre-incubated for 30 min in Hepes-buffered salt solution and then exposed to insulin (100 nmol/L) for 20 min. Malonate (2 mmol/l) or FCCP (0.5 μmol/L) were added to cultures 5 min before the insulin exposure. Autophosphorylation of insulin receptor was measured as described in Materials and Methods. In each experiment, amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor β-subunit (pYpY-IR) was normalized to total amount of insulin receptor β-subunit and expressed as a percentage of the response produced to 100 nmol/L insulin. Columns represent the means ± SD of pYpY-IR values obtained from four to nine culture dishes. *P < 0.05 vs. control.P < 0.05 vs. insulin

Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/84</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():84-84.</p><p>Published online 8 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2089077.</p><p></p>/L). HOrelease from cultures for 1 min was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Results were normalized by cell density. Columns represent the means ± SD of HOvalues obtained from five to nine cultures. Dotted line represents a detection limit of the assay (7 nmol/L). B: CGN cultures were pre-incubated for 30 min in the absence or presence of N-acetylcysteine (5 mmol/l) in Hepes-buffered salt solution and then exposed to insulin (100 nmol/L) for 20 min. Autophosphorylation of insulin receptor was measured as described in Materials and Methods. In each experiment, amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor β-subunit (pYpY-IR) was normalized to total amount of insulin receptor β-subunit and expressed as a percentage of the response produced to 100 nmol/L insulin. Columns represent the means ± SD of pYpY-IR values obtained from four to nine culture dishes. *P < 0.05 vs. control.P < 0.05 vs. insulin

Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/84</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():84-84.</p><p>Published online 8 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2089077.</p><p></p> insulin (5 nmol/L) and CS (50 μmol/L) for 20 min. Autophosphorylation of insulin receptor was measured as described in Materials and Methods. In each experiment, amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor β-subunit (pYpY-IR) was normalized to total amount of insulin receptor β-subunit and expressed as a percentage of the response produced to 100 nmol/L insulin. Columns represent the means ± SD of pYpY-IR values obtained from four to nine culture dishes. *P < 0.05 vs. control.P < 0.05 vs. insulin (100 nmol/L). P < 0.05 vs. insulin (5 nmol/L)

Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Mitochondrial respiratory chain is involved in insulin-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production and plays an integral role in insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/84</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():84-84.</p><p>Published online 8 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2089077.</p><p></p>/L). HOrelease from cultures for 1 min was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Results were normalized by cell density. Columns represent the means ± SD of HOvalues obtained from five to nine cultures. Dotted line represents a detection limit of the assay (7 nmol/L). B: CGN cultures were pre-incubated for 30 min in the absence or presence of N-acetylcysteine (5 mmol/l) in Hepes-buffered salt solution and then exposed to insulin (100 nmol/L) for 20 min. Autophosphorylation of insulin receptor was measured as described in Materials and Methods. In each experiment, amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor β-subunit (pYpY-IR) was normalized to total amount of insulin receptor β-subunit and expressed as a percentage of the response produced to 100 nmol/L insulin. Columns represent the means ± SD of pYpY-IR values obtained from four to nine culture dishes. *P < 0.05 vs. control.P < 0.05 vs. insulin

Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/37</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():37-37.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931437.</p><p></p>presence of 0.5 mM EGTA (dashed lines) or 1 mM Ca(solid lines) at pH 7.4. c,d. Absorbance in the presence of 0.5 mM EGTA (dashed lines) or 0.4 mM Ca(solid lines) at pH 7.4. e,f. Dependence of sensors fluorescence on pH in the presence of 0.5 mM EGTA (dashed lines) or of 0.2 mM Ca(solid lines). g,h. Catitration curves, at pH 7.4

Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/37</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():37-37.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931437.</p><p></p>amino acid residues (145–148) and sensitive domains (calmodulin and M13) within Casensors

Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/37</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():37-37.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931437.</p><p></p>5–565 nm emission filter) and fura-2FF (black dashed line, ratio of 340 nm and 380 nm excited green fluorescence, 505–530 nm emission filter) are shown

Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Single fluorescent protein-based Casensors with increased dynamic range"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/37</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():37-37.</p><p>Published online 29 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931437.</p><p></p>) to Caionophore A23187. c,d. HeLa cells expressing Case12 are shown before (b) and after (c) ionophore addition. e-h. Fluorescence changes of M21 (human Melanoma-derived) cells expressing Case12 in response to 100 μM ATP. Images were captured every 0.294 sec on the confocal microscope. e,f. Individual responses of two selected cells within 400 s after ATP addition. g,h. The same cells, first 60 s of response. i. PC12 cells response to 500 uM carbachol (CCH). j. PC12 cells response to 30 mM KCl. For i and j first and second arrows indicate the moments of a compound addition and of washing start, respectively