The Role of T-Lymphocytes Autophagy in Severe Atopic Asthma Pathogenesis

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The apoptosis suppression in T-lymphocyte has been implicated with asthma pathogenesis. It was proposed that resistance to apoptosis in T-lymphocytes in asthmatic patients could be due to increased autophagy rate in these cells. While being a vital cellular waste disposal mechanism, autophagy was shown to be involved in asthma pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in severe atopic asthma (SAA) is not well understood. To further explore this, we investigated T-lymphocytes autophagy in SAA patients and healthy controls by utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunoblotting analyses. We found an increased number of autophagic T-lymphocytes in the patients with SAA versus healthy controls. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in T-lymphocytes of healthy donors revealed an activation of the autophagy in these cells, although SAA T-lymphocytes were not responsive. Presence of autophagolysosomes in SAA T-lymphocytes correlated with high expression levels of membrane protein LC3-II. These data suggest that autophagy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAA, facilitate T-lymphocytes activation and survival, and ultimately increase the level of airway inflammation in patients with this disease

The particularities of protein fraction in the apoptosis of lymphocytes of patients with Asthma

The emergence of various diseases specifically severe diseases such as bronchial asthma is associated with apoptosis of lymphocytes. One of the major biochemical features of apoptosis is chromosome DNA fragmentation implemented by apoptotic nucleases. The inactivation of these apoptotic nucleases produces undigested DNA and is linked to a number of autoimmune disorders. Instead of this we have studied the enzymatic activities of the cytoplasmic and nucleic proteins of lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with bronchial asthma. The study of enzymatic activities of the nuclease of lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry, spectrofluorimetiy and electrophoresis method in agarose gel. In the peripheral blood cells of healthy donors undergoing apoptosis, we found a DNAse activated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Lymphocytes of patients with bronchial asthma contain DNAses, the activity of which depends on the seriousness of the desease. In patients cells, the activity of the Mn2+-dependent DNAse increases, whereas the activity of the Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent DNase decreases. Taking into consideration the role of the Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent DNAse in apoptosis, we can propose that there is a link between the reduction of the rate of apoptosis of lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma and the dysfunction of the induction of "apoptotical" Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent nuclease. According to the results obtained, we can assume that why apoptosis of lymphocytes resist in patients with bronchial asthma is a reduction in concentration of endocellular calcium and an increase of manganese ions content, which results in the triggering of activation mechanism for Mn2+-dependent endonuclease activity. This leads to the change of DNA fragmentation nature in lymphocytes and as a consequence, to disorders in process of apoptotic bodies' formation, thus, hindering apoptosis of lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Nuclease activity associated with secreting granules by lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma

© 2015 Vodounon CA, et al.Background: We know, through recent studies, the existence of some morpho-biochemical peculiarities in the process of type 1 programmed death of patients' lymphocytes suffering from bronchial asthma, but little convincing data exist on the activity of enzymes involved in this physiological process. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the enzymatic activity of secreting granules of patients' lymphocytes with bronchial asthma, according to the degree of severity. Method: The study was based on the role of granular extracts in the process of programmed death isolated lymphocytes from peripheral blood of relatively healthy individuals and asthmatic patients with different severity. The immunological characteristics of lymphocytes was done with the radial immune-diffusion method and ELISA test but the method of agarose gel electrophoresis help us to detect the catalytic activity of protein extracts of secreting granules of lymphocytes. Results: The results obtained showed that lymphocytes from asthmatic patients with severe severity are characterized by a decrease in cytotoxic T lymphocytes content balanced by an increase in T-Helper lymphocytes. We also noticed the enzymatic activity at all the groups studied but this activity was relatively high in asthmatics with severe severity. Furthermore, the study of the cationic dependence has allowed to establish an increase in enzymatic activity in all the groups studied after incubation of DNA in a medium containing Ca2+ with a pH of 7.5 unlike ions Mn2+ which seem to reduce the enzymatic activity. The expression of enzymatic activity in the presence of zinc allows us to suggest the presence of DNase acid in granules, which activity is not necessarily associated with divalent metal ions. Conclusion: Based on the above results, one might conclude that the secreting granules have a high enzymatic activity but with a strong cationic dependence. This not only allows a better understanding of the morphological changes observed during the course of apoptosis in lymphocytes of patients but also brings more to the knowledge of the enzymatic influence in the process of type 1 programmed death

Forage yield and quality of a dense thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" stand

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a produção e qualidade da forragem de jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) com e sem acúleos, em plantio adensado, submetida ao corte anual dos ramos finos, em Patos, PB. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos (plantas sem acúleos e plantas com acúleos), com dez repetições de duas parcelas lineares subdivididas no tempo. A produção e composição química da forragem de ramos finos e o diâmetro basal das plantas foram medidos durante cinco anos. A poda diminuiu (p < 0,05) o incremento anual do diâmetro basal e a produção de forragem. A produção anual de matéria seca atingiu 4.108 e 5.833 kg ha-1, respectivamente, em plantas sem e com acúleos, de qualidade forrageira semelhante (p > 0,05) para os dois fenótipos. Este volumoso – valores médios mínimos para FDN e FDA: 56±1,1% e 43±1,1%, respectivamente – mostrou-se pobre em P e K. Seu teor médio de proteína bruta acima de 9,9±0,5% superou o mínimo necessário para a manutenção animal. Os dois genótipos toleraram a poda dos ramos e contribuíram com uma quantidade significativa de volumoso para a manutenção de ruminantes na estação seca.The objective of this work was to compare forage production and quality of thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) in a dense planted stand, subjected to annual pruning of fine branches, in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments (thornless and thorny "jurema-preta") in a complete randomized block design, with ten replicates of two linear plots subdivided in time. Forage mass and chemical composition of fine branches and the basal diameter of plants were measured during five years. Pruning decreased (p < 0.05) increments in basal diameter and forage production. Annual dry matter yields reached 4,108 and 5,833 kg ha-1, respectively, for thornless and thorny plants, and forage quality was similar (p > 0.05) for both genotypes. This roughage fodder (minimum NDF and ADF averages were 56±1.1% and 43±1.0%, respectively) had low P and K concentrations. Its average crude protein content was greater than 9.9±0.5%, which exceeds the minimum necessary for animal maintenance. Both "jurema-preta" genotypes tolerated pruning of fine branches and contributed with a significant amount of roughage fodder for animal maintenance in the dry season

Use of the HEC RAS model for the analysis of exceptional floods in the Ouémé basin

The Ouémé River basin extends over almost half of Benin's territory, entirely located in a humid tropical climate. This river system includes a deltaic zone (delta of the Ouémé) known for its high agricultural potential and thus subject to a socio-economic development agenda. The Ouémé delta is facing recurrent floods that maintain rural agricultural population into a retrograding crisis with significant damages such as losses of properties. The objective of this study is to improve decision-making in the Ouémé basin through the simulation of exceptional floods using the HEC-RAS model. The HEC RAS model is a conceptual model, which works through mathematical and physical formulas to implement environmental phenomena for forecasting, understanding and analysis purposes. The model inputs used are basin GIS data, hydro-meteorological data, characteristics of existing hydraulic structures, etc. The targeted outputs include 1D/2D/3D view plans with support of satellite images, tables, graphs and curves. It is worth mentioning that the model provides outputs compatible with other tools, such as civil engineering (Civil 3D, Revit, Infraworks, etc.) and GIS, that help to expand the valorization fields. The implementation of the model in the Ouémé basin has made it possible to note: (i) that the recurring effect of losses and damages is justified by the settlement of the population on the river banks; (ii) that there is an important agricultural production in areas of high flood risk; (iii) that depending on the occurrence of the phenomenon, the flooded extent and the height of submersion remains variable, and more important for extreme flooding; (iv) about 12.07 % occurrence of river flood against 13.24 % for flash flood at a return period of 30 years. Moreover, it is very relevant to note that most of flood waters converge to the western part of the basin (an area with a low risk of flooding, stretched over 63.68 km2) and to the eastern part around the Damè-Wogon depression (an area at high risk of flooding, stretched over 10.49 km2).</p

Influence of the programmed cell death of lymphocytes on the immunity of patients with atopic bronchial asthma

Background: Fairly recent data highlight the role of programmed cell death and autoimmunity, as potentially important factors in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive airway diseases. The purpose of our research was to determine the influence of apoptotic factors on the immunity of patients with atopic bronchial asthma according to the degree of severity.Method: The study was performed on the peripheral blood of patients with atopic bronchial asthma with different severity. The Immunological aspects were determined with ELISA, the fluorimetric method and the method of precipitation with polyethylene glycol. And the quantification of the parameters of the programmed cell death was performed by the method of flow cytometry and electron microscopy method.Results: The data obtained from morphological and biochemical parameters show the deregulation of Programmed Death of lymphocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma but individual for each group of patients. This dysfunction might induce the secretion of autoantibodies against DNA. This could explain the accumulation of circulating immune complex with average size considered as the most pathogenic in patients with bronchial asthma especially in the patients of serious severity. It should be noted that Patients with bronchial asthma of mild and severe severity had different way and did not have the same degree of deficiency of the immune system.Conclusion: These data suggested that apoptotic factor of lymphocytes may play an important role in controlling immunity of patients with atopic bronchial asthma. © 2014 VODOUNON et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Role of autoantibody in the pathogenesis of patients with atopic bronchial asthma

© 2015 Asian Network for Scientific. Bronchial Asthma is considered as the most spreading human chronic diseases. The diagnostic of the disease at its beginning is very difficult because the light forms of the disease can’t be diagnosed as the symptoms are not very well developed at the outbreak of the disease. The objective of this study was to correlate the climatic and geographic factors and the environmental conditions in the occurrence of Atopic Bronchial Asthma and other autoimmune phenomena, for example the prevalence of abzymes in the pathogenesis of Atopic Bronchial Asthma. In the present work, enzyme linked to immune sorbent assay method and the methods of electrophoresis in agarose gel were used. The results of our study showed the discovery of an excessive auto-antibodies to DNA in the blood vessels of patients with atopic bronchial asthma and there was a direct correlation dependence (r = 0.0005) between the level of auto-antibodies to DNA and the severity of the Atopic Bronchial Asthma. The detected auto-antibodies possess catalytic activity of DNA, enzymatic specificity which is associated with the degree of severity of disease. The auto antibodies in patients suffering from severe forms of Bronchial Asthma are specific for monofilament DNA and antibodies in the blood serum of the patients with the light form of asthma is heterogenic: besides antibodies with monofilament substratum, some specific antibodies with bi-filament DNA circulate. Therefore, in the serum of the patients suffering from Atopic Bronchial Asthma antibodies with Catalytic activity DNA was observed-that is abzymes. It was suggested that these “abzymes” maybe directly involved in the removal of debris produced by the metabolism of organism under physiological conditions. Considering all these facts, Abzymes can be regarded as serological markers of autoimmunity and needs to be tested while investigating autoimmunity especially in Atopic Bronchial Asthma and it may also serve as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of asthma even in the early stages and can also help in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment

The Role of T-Lymphocytes Autophagy in Severe Atopic Asthma Pathogenesis

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The apoptosis suppression in T-lymphocyte has been implicated with asthma pathogenesis. It was proposed that resistance to apoptosis in T-lymphocytes in asthmatic patients could be due to increased autophagy rate in these cells. While being a vital cellular waste disposal mechanism, autophagy was shown to be involved in asthma pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in severe atopic asthma (SAA) is not well understood. To further explore this, we investigated T-lymphocytes autophagy in SAA patients and healthy controls by utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunoblotting analyses. We found an increased number of autophagic T-lymphocytes in the patients with SAA versus healthy controls. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in T-lymphocytes of healthy donors revealed an activation of the autophagy in these cells, although SAA T-lymphocytes were not responsive. Presence of autophagolysosomes in SAA T-lymphocytes correlated with high expression levels of membrane protein LC3-II. These data suggest that autophagy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAA, facilitate T-lymphocytes activation and survival, and ultimately increase the level of airway inflammation in patients with this disease

The Role of T-Lymphocytes Autophagy in Severe Atopic Asthma Pathogenesis

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The apoptosis suppression in T-lymphocyte has been implicated with asthma pathogenesis. It was proposed that resistance to apoptosis in T-lymphocytes in asthmatic patients could be due to increased autophagy rate in these cells. While being a vital cellular waste disposal mechanism, autophagy was shown to be involved in asthma pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in severe atopic asthma (SAA) is not well understood. To further explore this, we investigated T-lymphocytes autophagy in SAA patients and healthy controls by utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunoblotting analyses. We found an increased number of autophagic T-lymphocytes in the patients with SAA versus healthy controls. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in T-lymphocytes of healthy donors revealed an activation of the autophagy in these cells, although SAA T-lymphocytes were not responsive. Presence of autophagolysosomes in SAA T-lymphocytes correlated with high expression levels of membrane protein LC3-II. These data suggest that autophagy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAA, facilitate T-lymphocytes activation and survival, and ultimately increase the level of airway inflammation in patients with this disease

The Role of T-Lymphocytes Autophagy in Severe Atopic Asthma Pathogenesis

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The apoptosis suppression in T-lymphocyte has been implicated with asthma pathogenesis. It was proposed that resistance to apoptosis in T-lymphocytes in asthmatic patients could be due to increased autophagy rate in these cells. While being a vital cellular waste disposal mechanism, autophagy was shown to be involved in asthma pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in severe atopic asthma (SAA) is not well understood. To further explore this, we investigated T-lymphocytes autophagy in SAA patients and healthy controls by utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunoblotting analyses. We found an increased number of autophagic T-lymphocytes in the patients with SAA versus healthy controls. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in T-lymphocytes of healthy donors revealed an activation of the autophagy in these cells, although SAA T-lymphocytes were not responsive. Presence of autophagolysosomes in SAA T-lymphocytes correlated with high expression levels of membrane protein LC3-II. These data suggest that autophagy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAA, facilitate T-lymphocytes activation and survival, and ultimately increase the level of airway inflammation in patients with this disease