Acantholippia salsoloides : Phytochemical Composition and Biological Potential of a Thujonic Population

Acantholippia salsoloides (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic plant widespread in the Andean region. The infusion (leaves and flowers) is widely used as a digestive stimulant as well as for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine. A. salsoloides attributes its common name “rica-rica” to the fresh and sweet fragrance of the plant. In this work, 2 different polar extracts and the essential oil of a selected rica-rica population were studied. The phenolic composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector; the essential oil profile was determined by gas-chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection. For all extracts, the antibacterial potential was performed by in vitro assays; the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition were determined in decoction and hydroethanolic extracts. The volatile profile allowed the identification of 26 volatile compounds, β-thujone (84%) being the major one in this rica-rica population. Eighteen phenolic compounds were identified; isoferulic acid (16%-18%) and cynaroside (45%-47%) were the larger ones. In a general way, the hydroethanolic extract was more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus (minimum inhibitory concentrations= 0.3- 1.3 mg/mL). Both polar extracts have strong antiradical activities although decoction extract proved to be more active against DPPH· (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] =36 µg/mL) and O2•− (IC50 =28 µg/mL) while hydroethanolic extract shows higher action over α-glucosidase (IC50 =217 µg/mL). The results suggest that A. salsoloides leaves and flowers may be an interesting source of natural antioxidants, antidiabetics, or antimicrobials, and could be used in dietary supplements, medicinal products and pharmaceutical formulations.Fil: Celaya, Liliana Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; ArgentinaFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Luís R.. Universidade da Beira Interior; Portuga

Volatile compound profile and sensory features of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana Linnaeus): comparative study between cultivated and wild fruits

Physalis peruviana fruit has a unique and pleasant flavor which constitutes its main sensory strength. To better understand the cape gooseberry flavor, it is necessary to find correlations between its sensory traits and instrumental measurements. The main aim of this research was to characterize cultivated and wild cape gooseberry fruits of Physalis peruviana using the volatile profile and sensory analysis based on potential consumers. A total of 211 volatile compounds were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In cultivated fruits, 170 compounds were found and 108 ones in wild fruits. Only 67 compounds were found in common in both fruits. Besides, 144 volatile compounds are reported for the first time. The sensory features of both fruits were defined by potential consumers who associated cultivated fruits with fruity and floral aromas, while wild fruits with herbaceous and fatty aromas. Sensory traits and volatile composition allowed jointly to characterize and differentiate each type of fruit. The results of the sensory analysis and the volatile compounds detected were correlated by means of principal component and multiple factor analysis, showing a clear difference in the aroma profile of both fruits.Fil: Bazalar Pereda, Mayra Saby. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta-Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa; ArgentinaFil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta-Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa; Argentin

Phytochemical and Biological Profile of Essential Oils of Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Growing in Northeastern Argentina

The purpose of this study was to investigate essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Elionurus muticus growing in Northeastern Argentina regarding their physicochemical profiles as well as their biological potential. Roots of a selected E. muticus population were investigated too. For this purpose, EOs of fresh materials were obtained by steam distillation and the chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography GC/MS-FID. Antibacterial, antioxidant and eco-toxicity activities of the essential oils (EOs) were tested by in vitro assays. The EOs showed three E. muticus chemotypes: citral (neral+geranial), acorenone+bisabolone, acorenone+geranial. EO of roots of citral population contains mainly acorenone derivatives. EOs have high antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, being found minor antibacterial effect against Gram-negative bacteria. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of EOs against DPPH⋅ were 7.1–30.0 mg/mL and the eco-toxicity was high with LD50 <39 μg/mL. Based on the findings, given the high variability in their chemical composition and biological activity of E. muticus EO and the promising yields, it could be potentially chosen for industrial applications.Fil: Celaya, Liliana Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Le Vraux, María Agostina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Heit, Cecilia Inés. Instituto de Investigaciones y Prestaciones de Servicios. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy;Fil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta-Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa; ArgentinaFil: Martina, Pablo F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentin

Compuestos fenólicos bioactivos y ácidos orgánicos en la decocción de frutos y hojas de Schinus areira L.

Se investigaron decocciones de hojas y frutos de Schinus areira L. del noroeste de Argentina. Compuestos fenólicos y ácidos orgánicos se analizaron mediante HPLC. Capacidad antioxidante e inhibición de α-glucosidasa se determinaron in vitro. Se evaluó toxicidad general con Artemia salina. Los principales compuestos fenólicos fueron hiperósido y ácido 3 O-cafeoilquínico en hojas y ácido gálico y catequina en frutos. Los principales ácidos orgánicos cuantificados fueron málico en hojas y cítrico en frutos. Ácido shikímico, precursor del Tamiflu está presente en decocción de frutos con un contenido relativamente importante. La de hojas presenta una mayor riqueza en compuestos bioactivos con actividad antirradicalaria frente a DPPH●, O2●- y ●NO. Las hojas y frutos de S. areira tenían una actividad inhibidora de la α-glucosidasa comparable a la de hiperósido y acarbosa. La decocción de frutas no fue eco-tóxica, pero sí la de hojas que podría ser fuente de compuestos bioactivos con actividad farmacológica.Leaf and fruit decoctions of Schinus areira L. from northwest Argentina were investigated here. Phenolic compounds and organic acids were analyzed by HPLC. Antioxidant capacity and αglucosidase inhibition were determined by using in vitro tests. The general toxicity was assessed against Artemia salina nauplii. Hyperoside and 3 O-caffeoylquinic acid in leaf decoctions; gallic acid and catechin in fruit decoction were the major phenolic compounds. Malic and citric acids were the main organic acid quantified in the leaf and fruit decoctions, respectively. Fruit decoction had a relatively important content of shikimic acid, precursor of Tamiflu. Leaf decoction presents a greater richness in bioactive compounds with antiradical activity against DPPH●, O2●- and ●NO radicals. S. areira leaves and fruits had α-glucosidase inhibitory activity comparable to hyperoside and acarbose. Fruit decoction was not eco-toxic; leaf decoction showed significant eco-toxic activity and could be chosen for the search of other bioactive compounds with pharmacological activity.Fil: Celaya, Liliana Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Ana C.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Adriana M.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Villa, Walter Cosme. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Luis R.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

El debate activo en Química Orgánica como estrategía didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias

La cátedra de Química Orgánica alineándose en el desafío de incluir actividades que promuevan el desarrollo de competencias y el aprendizaje comprometido y activo por parte del alumno, introduce una actividad como estrategia didáctica: “Debate Polímeros hoy: ventajas y desventajas”. Se busca que el alumno desarrolle las competencias tecnológicas, y las sociales, políticas y actitudinales. La temática se desmembró en subtemas. Los alumnos desempeñaron dos tipos de roles: DEFENSORES, quienes se abocaron a las ventajas de los polímeros, y FISCALES quienes se refrieron a las desventajas. Presidió el debate un tribunal integrado por docentes de la cátedra. Se evaluó entre pares y con auto evaluación, en forma grupal e individual. Se infere la internalización de competencias, especialmente en los primeros niveles. Las competencias desarrolladas en mayor profundidad fueron: Competencia para desempeñarse de manera efectiva en equipos de trabajo y Competencia para comunicarse con efectividad. La actividad fue de agrado para los alumnos, la consideraron novedosa, atractiva e incluso divertida. En general, los alumnos consideraron conveniente y útil la implementación de esta actividad y las evaluaciones resultaron ampliamente satisfactorias.The Chair of Organic Chemistry, aligning itself with the challenge of including activities that promote the development of competences and committed and active learning by the student, introduces an activity as a didactic strategy: “Debate Polymers today: advantages and disadvantages”. The student is expected to develop technological competencies, and social, political and attitudinal skills. The students played two types of roles: DEFENDERS, who focused on the advantages of polymers, and FISCALES who referred to the disadvantages. A tribunal composed of professors of Organic Chemistry chaired the debate. It was evaluated between pairs and with self-evaluation, in a group and individual way. The internalization of competences is inferred, especially in the frst levels. The skills developed in greater depth were: Competence to perform efectively in work teams and Competence to communicate efectively. The students liked the activity; they considered it novel, attractive and even fun. In general, the students considered it convenient and useful to implement this activity and the evaluations were broadly satisfactory.Fil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; ArgentinaFil: Saluzzo, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Bazalar Pereda, Mayra Saby. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentin

Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Physalis peruviana L. Fruits from the Argentinean Northern Andean Region

Physalis peruviana L. fruits have gained great interest in different producing countries because they are good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the nutritional characterization and bioactive properties of both cultivated and wild fruits of P. peruviana growing in Argentina have not been conducted so far. The results provided clear difference in physicochemical, nutritional and bioactive characteristics of cultivated and wild fruits of P. peruviana from Argentinean Northern Andean region. Cultivated fruits showed a higher content of K, Mg and Cu and bioactive compounds as vitamin C than wild fruits. Besides, cultivated fruits displayed a high antiradical activity towards ABTS ●+ and FRAP. In addition, both cultivated and wild fruits exhibited a great antioxidant activity measured as the free radical scavenging activity against DPPH ● (effective concentration that scavenged 50% of the radicals is 0.64 and 1.65 mg/mL, respectively). The findings point out that the nutritional properties and bioactive compounds (vitamin C and β-carotene) of cultivated and wild fruits were comparable to those from countries with a production tradition. Outstandingly, the antioxidant performance of fruits growing in Argentinean Northern Andean region is remarkable in comparison with those reported in other producing zones, which can be ascribed to suitable ecological conditions.Fil: Bazalar Pereda, Mayra Saby. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; ArgentinaFil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentin

Infusions of "muña-muña": (Clinopodium gilliesii (benth.) Kuntze)

Infusions of "muña-muña" (Clinopodium gilliesii (benth.) Kuntze): Sensory assessment. In this work, we present the results of sensory evaluation of infusions of different populations of Clinopodium gilliesii. This evaluation was performed by experts and potential consumers panels. The main descriptive attributes were associated with certain volatile and non volatile components (previously reported) of extracts of this plant.Sensory assessment. In this work, we present the results of sensory evaluation of infusions of different populations of Clinopodium gilliesii. This evaluation was performed by experts and potential consumers panels. The main descriptive attributes were associated with certain volatile and non volatile components (previously reported) of extracts of this plant.Fil: Cabana, Roxana del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Arce, Patricia Y.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Poma, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentin

Optimized formulation of a Physalis peruviana L. fruit nectar: physicochemical characterization, sensorial traits and antioxidant properties

The aim of this research was to develop and characterize an innovative nectar formulation of Physalis peruviana fruits from the Argentinean Northern Andean region with optimized proportions of pulp and sucrose that maximizes the antioxidant activity and with good sensorial acceptance, using the response surface methodology as optimization strategy. Physicochemical characteristics (total soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH), antioxidant activity (measured as the free radical scavenging activity against DPPH·) and sensorial attributes (color, acidity, sweetness, texture, aroma and overall acceptance) were evaluated in a series of nectar formulations. A significant correlation between overall acceptance and antioxidant activity contributed to achieve the objective outlined. The mathematical modelling defined a nectar with 65% fruit juice and pulp and 8% sucrose; this nectar presented absence of indicator microorganisms (aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, molds and yeasts, Salmonella spp., total coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive) despite having no added preservatives. β-carotene and vitamin C contents (1.13 ± 0.02 and 16.56 ± 0.52 mg/100 mL respectively) and antioxidant activity towards DPPH· (EC50: 2.43 ± 0.07 mg/mL), ABTS·+ (3.48 ± 0.07 μmol Trolox/mL) and FRAP (10.16 ± 0.10 μmol Trolox/mL), make this nectar a functional food with potential for the food industry.Fil: Bazalar Pereda, Mayra Saby. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; ArgentinaFil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias. Instituto de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; Argentin

5-Methylcoumaranones from Mutisia friesiana and their bioactivity

In addition to the known mutisicoumaranones A (1) and B (2), the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the shrub Mutisia friesiana afforded two new 5-methylcoumaranones, mutisicoumaranones C (3) and D (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. 13C NMR data for mutisicoumaranones A and B are reported for the first time. All compounds showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of 5-methylcoumaranones A-D is biosynthetically related to 5-methylcoumarins and phenolic derivatives previously isolated from M. friesiana.Fil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: de la Fuente, Juana Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Maier, Marta Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentin

Caracterización química y funcional de bebidas formuladas a base de Ficus carica y Clinopodium gillesii

: Se evalúa el poder antioxidante de bebidas formuladas a partir de frutos de Ficus carica aditivadas con distintas concentraciones de un extracto polar de la planta aromática medicinal nativa Clinopodium gillesii. Se midió la actividad antirradicalaria (AAR) frente al DPPH• y al NO•; así como el contenido de fenoles totales (FT), de antocianinas monoméricas totales (AMT) y de ácido ascórbico. Además fueron determinados color, ºBrix, pH y sólidos solubles totales. Todas las muestras presentaron AAR frente al radical DPPH•, y en menor medida frente al NO• El agregado del extracto de C. gillesii representó un incremento promedio del 25% en la AAR frente a NO•, respecto a la bebida no aditivada, mientras que para el DPPH•, el incremento fue del 38%. El contenido de AMT en la bebida disminuyó con el agregado del extracto, por tanto las AMT no jugarían un rol determinante en dicha AAR .Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre la concentración del extracto activo, los FT y la actividad antirradicalaria de las bebidas formuladas, lo que probaria que el incremento del valor biológico antioxidante de la bebida a base de Ficus carica, es debida a la adición del extracto activo de C. gillesii.The antioxidant power of beverages from fruits of Ficus carica, with the addition of different concentrations of a polar extract medicinal aromatic plant native Clinopodium gillesii is evaluated. The antiradical activity (ARA) against DPPH • and NO •; the total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), ascorbic acid and total phenol content (TP) were measured. They were also determined color, ° Brix, pH and total soluble solids. All samples exhibited ARA against DPPH• radical and ARA against NO • was lesser. The addition of C. gillesii extract increases 25% the AAR against NO • regarding not additivated drink, while for DPPH •, the increase was 38%. The content of TMA in the drink decreased with the addition of the extract, so the TMA would not play a decisive role in this AAR. Positive correlations between the concentration of the active extract, TP and antiradical activity of formulated beverages were observed. This would prove that the increased antioxidant biological value of Ficus carica drink, was due to the addition of the active extract C. gillesii.Fil: Cabana, Roxana del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Quispe, Cintia L.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Galean, Eliana del Rocio. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentin