124 research outputs found
The Function of Gesture in an Architectural Design Meeting
This text presents a cognitive-psychology analysis of spontaneous, co-speech
gestures in a face-to-face architectural design meeting (A1 in DTRS7). The
long-term objective is to formulate specifications for remote
collaborative-design systems, especially for supporting the use of different
semiotic modalities (multi-modal interaction). According to their function for
design, interaction, and collaboration, we distinguish different gesture
families: representational (entity designating or specifying), organisational
(management of discourse, interaction, or functional design actions),
focalising, discourse and interaction modulating, and disambiguating gestures.
Discussion and conclusion concern the following points. It is impossible to
attribute fixed functions to particular gesture forms. "Designating" gestures
may also have a design function. The gestures identified in A1 possess a
certain generic character. The gestures identified are neither systematically
irreplaceable, nor optional accessories to speech or drawing. We discuss the
possibilities for gesture in computer-supported collaborative software systems.
The paper closes on our contribution to gesture studies and cognitive design
research
Designing as Construction of Representations: A Dynamic Viewpoint in Cognitive Design Research
This article presents a cognitively oriented viewpoint on design. It focuses
on cognitive, dynamic aspects of real design, i.e., the actual cognitive
activity implemented by designers during their work on professional design
projects. Rather than conceiving de-signing as problem solving - Simon's
symbolic information processing (SIP) approach - or as a reflective practice or
some other form of situated activity - the situativity (SIT) approach - we
consider that, from a cognitive viewpoint, designing is most appropriately
characterised as a construction of representations. After a critical discussion
of the SIP and SIT approaches to design, we present our view-point. This
presentation concerns the evolving nature of representations regarding levels
of abstraction and degrees of precision, the function of external
representations, and specific qualities of representation in collective design.
Designing is described at three levels: the organisation of the activity, its
strategies, and its design-representation construction activities (different
ways to generate, trans-form, and evaluate representations). Even if we adopt a
"generic design" stance, we claim that design can take different forms
depending on the nature of the artefact, and we propose some candidates for
dimensions that allow a distinction to be made between these forms of design.
We discuss the potential specificity of HCI design, and the lack of cognitive
design research occupied with the quality of design. We close our discussion of
representational structures and activities by an outline of some directions
regarding their functional linkages
Both Generic Design and Different Forms of Designing
This paper defends an augmented cognitively oriented "generic-design
hypothesis": There are both significant similarities between the design
activities implemented in different situations and crucial differences between
these and other cognitive activities; yet, characteristics of a design
situation (i.e., related to the designers, the artefact, and other task
variables influencing these two) introduce specificities in the corresponding
design activities and cognitive structures that are used. We thus combine the
generic-design hypothesis with that of different "forms" of designing. In this
paper, outlining a number of directions that need further elaboration, we
propose a series of candidate dimensions underlying such forms of design
L'analyse de l'expertise du point de vue de l'ergonomie cognitive
This paper presents a review of methods for collecting and analysing data on
complex activities. Starting with methods developed for design, we examine the
possibility to transpose them to other complex activities, especially
activities referring to sensorial expertise. R\'esum\'e Ce texte pr\'esente une
revue de m\'ethodes pour recueillir et analyser des donn\'ees sur des
actvit\'es complexes. A partir de m\'ethodes d\'evelopp\'ees pour des
actvit\'es de conception, nous examinons la possibilit\'e de les transposer \`a
d'autres actvit\'es complexes, notamment des actvit\'es faisant \`a appel \`a
des expertises sensorielles
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