The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>phages. Line 2: macrophages HIV-1 BaL infected and treated with MnTBAP (30 μM). Line 3: macrophages HIV-1 BaL infected

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ted with 300 TCID50/ml HIV-1 BaL and treated acutely (i.e. treated with drugs prior to virus challenge). Supernatants were collected day 14 after infection and tested for virus production by analysis of HIV-1 p24 gag Ag production with a commercially available kit ELISA

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ted with 300 TCID50/ml HIV-1 BaL and treated chronically (i.e. treated with drugs 10 days after infection) with MnTBAP at indicated doses, and Amprenavir (4 uM). Supernatants were collected at day 8, 10, 15, 20 after infection and tested for virus production by analysis of HIV-1 p24 gag Ag production with a commercially available kit ELISA

Skin Tolerability of Oleic Acid Based Nanovesicles Designed for the Improvement of Icariin and Naproxen Percutaneous Permeation

Deformable nanovesicles have a crucial role in topical drug delivery through the skin, due to their capability to pass intact the stratum corneum and epidermis (SCE) and significantly increase the efficacy and accumulation of payloads in the deeper layers of the skin. Namely, lipid-based ultradeformable nanovesicles are versatile and load bioactive molecules with different physicochemical properties. For this reason, this study aims to make oleic acid based nanovesicles (oleosomes) for the codelivery of icariin and sodium naproxen and increase their permeation through the skin. Oleosomes have suitable physicochemical properties and long-term stability for a potential dermal or transdermal application. The inclusion of oleic acid in the lipid bilayer increases 3-fold the deformable properties of oleosomes compared to conventional liposomes and significantly improves the percutaneous permeation of icariin and sodium naproxen through the human SCE membranes compared to hydroalcoholic solutions of both drugs. The tolerability studies on human volunteers demonstrate that oleosomes are safer and speed up the recovery of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) baselines compared to saline solution. These results highlight promising properties of icariin/sodium naproxen coloaded oleosomes for the treatment of skin disorders and suggest the potential future applications of these nanovesicles for further in vivo experiments

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ration, in cytoplasmatic vacuoles and in the extracellular space. By contrast in MnTBAP (30 μM) treated macrophages no viral particles are found. This observation support the hypothesis that MnTBAP treatment is able to prevent enveloped and unenveloped virions production

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ted with 300 TCID50/ml HIV-1 BaL and treated acutely (i.e. treated with drugs prior to virus challenge). Supernatants were collected day 14 after infection and tested for virus production by analysis of HIV-1 p24 gag Ag production with a commercially available kit ELISA

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>. HIV-1 infection enhance the immunocytochemical expression of nitrotyrosine (Panel A) in compared to mock-infected macrophages (Panel B), indicating an increased production of peroxynitrite. Acute treatment with MnTBAP (30 μM) (Panel D), but not with AZT (0.05 μM) (Panel C) is able to inhibit in macrophages HIV-related peroxynitrite formation

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>nized MDA overproduction dose-dependently while AZT (0.05 μM) was not able to inhibit macrophages HIV-related MDA formation. † P < 0.001 when compared to control; * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.001 when compared to HIV-infected cells

MDA assay demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation in tolerant mice.

<p>Spinal cord extract from morphine group demonstrated a significant increase in MDA that was reduced by BPF (25 mg/kg) as well as by MnTBAP (10 mg/kg). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM for 15 rats. *P<0.001 vs Naive; †P<0.01 vs morphine.</p

Bergamot polyphenolic fraction components.

<p>Bergamot polyphenolic fraction components.</p