Digestibility of feeds in fish and shellfish and methods to determine digestibility

Digestibility of a feedstuff can be described as the amount of feed that can be digested and absorbed by the animal in relation to consumption. Digestibility is measured as digestibility coefficient when it is expressed as percentage and as digestible energy which is most often used in warm water fishes. Knowledge of nutrient availability is necessory for effective substitution of ingredients for formulating low cost diets

Conservation of marine turtles and shrimp exports

Marine turtles are a group of harmless reptiles inhabiting every ocean basin, the distribution of some species ranging from Arctic Circle to Tasmania

Fisheries oceanography – processes, patterns & variability- Winter School on towards Ecosystem Based Management of Marine Fisheries – Building Mass Balance Trophic and Simulation Models

Oceanography is the scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of the world's oceans and seas, including their physical and chemical properties, their origin and geologic framework, and the life forms that inhabit the marine environment. Traditionally, oceanography has been studied under four separate but related branches: physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine geology, and marine ecology. Meteorology is another subject closely related to oceanography and inseparably linked to the physical processes of the ocean

Problems and prospects for lobster farming in India

The potential for increasing the lobster yield from the wild is limited, as most of the stocks have reached optimum levels of production. Hence attempts were made by the CMFR Institute to successfully grow the non-cannibalistic species under captivity in view of the above and demand for live lobster in export market. The paper reviews the previous culture attempts and the present status on the spiny lobster, distribution of culturable species for farming and fattening, brood stock maintenance, larval culture, availability and growth of pueruli, collection and transportation of Juvenile lobsters, fattening of sub adults, growth acceleration by eye stalk ablation, farming in intertidal pits, environmental conditions for Juvenile rearing, stock density, food diease, economics of farming and fattening, and the future prospects in Indian condition

An assessment of the potential of spiny lobster culture in India

Fluctuating catches and increasing demand in both internal and international markets for lobster tails necessitate augmentation of production through proper management strategies and possible aquaculture practices. The technical feasibility of economically viable aquaculture of few species of spiny lobsters Is underway at the Field Laboratory of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kovalam, Madras. Though captive breeding of various species of spiny lobsters was achieved with ease, rearing of phyllosoma larvae to puerulii under controlled conditions was not successful. So serious attempt to cultivate spiny lobsters should begin with rearing juveniles which are caught in large numbers along with the commercial size lobsters It has been shown that commercial size (300 g) lobsters can grow in less than half the time that Is required in nature, by proper feeding schedules and environment management. A further reduction in this growing period has been achieved through bilateral eyestalk ablation. Enhancement of growth in ablated lobsters up to 20 times of normal rate has been achieved. An objective assessment of the present status of spiny lobster culture and the problems which need further attention for developing commercially feasible lobster culture are discusse

The status of lobster fishery in India and options for sustainable management

Lobsters form one of the most valuable cru stacean resources, which have been exploited commercially for the past four decades. Annual landings increased from 350 t in 1965 to 4100 t in 1985 but have declined since then , Though lobsters are distributed along the entire coast of India major tishery grounds are located in the northwestern, south-western and south eastern coasts. Among the twelve species recorded from Indian waters four species of spiny lobsters (three linoral and one deep-sea) and one species of slipper lobster constitute the commercial fishery

Early larval development of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) reared in the laboratory

Phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus were hatched and reared in the laboratory on a diet of Artemia salina nauplii. The larvae were rcared in individual as well as in mass culture systems. The temperature of the rearing water ranged from 26 to 29°C and salinity from 34 to 35‰. The larvae reared individually moulted nine times and reached the sixth stage in sixty days. Mean total length of the newly hatched larva was 1.48 mm and stage VI larva measured an average of 4.87 mm. The early stages ofphyllosoma larva of P. homarus are morphologically similar to those of other tropical species. Larvae infested with sedentary ectoparasites were effectively treated with 10 ppm malachite green. Change in feeding habits resulted in mortality of the larvae in the sixth stage

Lobster culture and live transport

Eight species of spiny lobsters, six shallow water and two deep sea species and two slipper or sand lobsters constitute the lobster fishery of Indi

Fishery - Related Mortality of Sea Turtles in India: An Overview

Coastal communities have exploited sea turtles for centuries. In the 1950s, organised fisheries were developed to capture turtles in many parts of the world; sea turtles were considered an important exploitable fishery resource due to their high commercial value. Turtle meat and eggs were seell as a basic protein source for coastal populations. In India, Jacob (1973) highlighted the potential of sea turtle resources. Organised trade in turtle products existed prior to the eighties (Dattatri 1984, Rajagopalan 1984, 2000). It is estimated that 50,000-80,000 adult olive ridleys were captured off the Gahirmatha coast every nesting season up to 1981-82 (Das 1985). In September 1977. the five species of sea turtles that occur in Indian waters were included in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. As a consequence of the implementation of regulatory measures, organised capture and trade decreased, though illegal trade persisted till the mid-1980s. While the threat from targeted capture and trade decreased, incidental capture of sea turtles in gear operated for other species of fish and shellfish has become more significant over the years. The interaction of sea turtles with fisheries has become an area of critical importance in many parts of the world (Gerosa and Casale 1999, Vivekanandan 2002). In India tOO, incidental capture in gill nets and trawls has become a serious threat to sea turtle populations (Rajagopalan et a11996, 2001, Pandav and Choudhury 1999, Wright and Mohanty 2002). Due to an increase in the number of fishing units, and also improvement in technology, incidental bycatch has increased in recent years to the extent that it is the most significant cause of sea turtle mortality in Indian waters