Defense Mechanisms of Gingiva

Defense is resisting an attack; there are numerous protective mechanisms that work in the oral cavity against various insults. Gingiva is constantly subjected to a wide array of mechanical,  chemical and antigenic challenges — some of which are transient and others permanent. This review will discuss how the gingiva prepares and safeguards itself via diverse defense mechanisms in the face of this challenging environment

Vibrational analysis of framed structures

Generally the stress and deformation analysis of any structure is done by constructing and analyzing a mathematical model of a structure. One such technique is Finite element method (FEM). A frame is subjected to both static and dynamic loading with dead load comprising the static load and the all other time varying loads making up the dynamic load. This project titled “ Vibrational Analysis of Frames “ aims at analyzing the frame both statically and dynamically using the matrix approach of FEM by developing generalized codes in MATLAB. The analysis comprises of the static analysis of frame and the variation of various parameters such as displacement, moment etc with increasing number of storey’s as well as dynamic analysis wherein a code is developed to find the natural frequency of the structure along with the various other parameters. A structure is always vibrating under dynamic loading such as wind etc and if the vibrating frequency equals the natural frequency of the structure, resonance might take place. It is thus necessary to analyze all these aspects of a structure first which we aim with our study

Efficacy of chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and tulsi extract mouthwash in reducing halitosis using spectrophotometric analysis : a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the efficacy of tulsi extract mouthrinse in reducing halitosis as compared to chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses using spectrophotometric analysis. It was a parallel, single center, double blinded randomized controlled trial of 15 days duration. A total of 300 participants were screened, out of which 45 subjects those fulfilled inclusion criteria of age range 17-35 years were included in the trial. The participants were randomly provided with tulsi, hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine mouthwashes (control group) to use 10 ml twice daily for 15 days. Clinical measurements were taken at baseline and 15 days using arbitrary 0-5 scale for organoleptic odor assessments, spectrophotometric analysis for Volatile Sulphide Compounds (VSCs) from saliva samples, Löe & Silness gingival index and Silness & Löe plaque index. After intervention, organoleptic, VSCs, gingival and plaque scores showed statistically significant decrease in all the three study groups. The mean percentage reduction in VSC and organoleptic scores was significantly greater in chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide groups than in the tulsi group and the mean percentage reduction in plaque and gingival scores was significantly greater in chlorhexidine group than in hydrogen peroxide and tulsi group. Tulsi may not have the efficacy of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses. But, Tulsi is effective in reducing halitosis, plaque and gingivitis and with its lack of side effects & cost effectiveness, can be an effective & economic tool to deal with halitosis. The spectrophotometric technique appears to be a promising method for evaluation of oral malodor