X-ray residual stress measurements on cold-drawn steel wire

The interplanar spacing d{hkl} versus sin2 ψ distributions were measured for the 211, 310, 220 and 200 reflections from severely cold-drawn 0.7% C steel wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm. From the shape of the curves it was concluded that, as well as a 110 fibre texture and elastic anisotropy, plastic anisotropy of the ferrite crystals may be an important cause of the non-linearity in d{hkl} versus sin2 ψ. The shape of the curves, and therefore the residual state of stress of the wire, is influenced by the drawing parameters, i.e. the drawing die cone angle and the number of stages

High resolution infrared spectroscopy of ionic complexes

Stolte, S. [Promotor]Linnartz, H.V.J. [Copromotor

Internal Audit Effectiveness : Factors influencing management to listen to the internal auditor’s risk warnings : A multi-method study from a behavioural decision making perspective

In this thesis, several factors influencing deaf effect as indicator for IA effectiveness are studied which were (mostly) unexplored in the academic literature. In an experiment (Chapter 2) it was tested what are the main causal effects of additional contingency factors - the organization power of the internal auditor translated in top management support and the interaction effects from the collaborative partner vs. opponent perspective. In another experiment (Chapter 3) we included nudging with descriptive social norm to test the main causal effects and interaction effects from the collaborative partner vs opponent perspective. The results of these experiments were surprising and brought originality in this area of academic research. Our study provided interesting and surprising results from the interaction effects, indicating that top management support is not always a guarantee for reducing deafness on risk warnings of the internal auditor. While it may seem to be logical that in the high organization power conditions, decision makers are more likely to follow any advice, regardless whether the message comes from a collaborative partner or an opponent, our findings suggested that great top management support can even be contra-productive when the internal auditor is seen as a collaborative partner. Based on our study results, top management support appeared to be most useful for IA effectiveness when the internal auditor is seen as an opponent. The findings of the second experiment indicate that nudging through descriptive social norm can be used by the internal auditor to increase IA effectiveness by overcoming the deaf effect response to their risk warnings to management. Including a descriptive social norm as part of the risk warning message of the internal auditor in our experiment appeared to be useful as it significantly reduced the dea

Recrystallization at grain boundaries in deformed copper bicrystals

The role of specific grain boundaries in the nucleation of recrystallization textures is demonstrated by experiments on copper bicrystals. It is deduced that the major part of the recrystallized grains that have nucleated at the grain boundary can be traced back to having nucleated in {100} <001>, {210}<001> or {210}<120> orientations. These orientations do not exist in the bicrystals after deformation but can easily be accounted for by the <112>-slip nucleation mechanism proposed by Verbraak. X-ray strain measurements support this conclusion. Finally, on the basis of the observation of near-CSL misorientation relationships between deformed matrix and recrystallized grains, a suggestion is made for a more general nucleation mechanism