Immigrant gender convergence in education and on the labor market

Immigration tends to have a mitigating effect on the socioeconomic gender gap among immigrants. To explain this finding, we propose a gender convergence hypothesis that states that migration to a modern ‘open’ society offers women the opportunity to improve their position relative to that of men. In such a society, there are (almost) equal chances to participate in education and paid labor. The equalizing effect will be larger if the immigrants come from less developed regions, since women then have more room to improve their position. However, there may also be countervailing cultural powers within the immigrant group. The gender convergence hypothesis proposed here is tested for immigrants in the Netherlands. Using survey data, we investigate the educational and labor market position of Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Antillean males and females. We find convergent trends, particularly among Moroccan immigrants who come from less developed regions in their country of origin and who meet less cultural in-group barriers than, for example, Turkish immigrants.

How Interethnic Marriages Affect the Educational Attainment of Children: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

The allocation of Moluccan immigrants across towns and villages at arrival in the Netherlands and the subsequent formation of interethnic marriages resemble a natural experiment. The exogenous variation in marriage formation allows us to estimate the causal effect of interethnic marriages on the educational attainment of children from such marriages. We find that children from Moluccan fathers and native mothers have a higher educational attainment than children from ethnic homogeneous Moluccan couples or children from a Moluccan mother and a native father.interethnic marriages, educational attainment

Immigrant gender convergence in education and on the labor market

Immigration tends to have a mitigating effect on the socioeconomic gender gap among immigrants. To explain this finding, we propose a gender convergence hypothesis that states that migration to a modern ‘open’ society offers women the opportunity to improve their position relative to that of men. In such a society, there are (almost) equal chances to participate in education and paid labor. The equalizing effect will be larger if the immigrants come from less developed regions, since women then have more room to improve their position. However, there may also be countervailing cultural powers within the immigrant group. The gender convergence hypothesis proposed here is tested for immigrants in the Netherlands. Using survey data, we investigate the educational and labor market position of Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Antillean males and females. We find convergent trends, particularly among Moroccan immigrants who come from less developed regions in their country of origin and who meet less cultural in-group barriers than, for example, Turkish immigrants

EU Ringonderzoek voedsel-I (2006) Bacteriologische detectie van Salmonella in rundergehakt

De Europese Nationale Referentie Laboratoria (NRLs) voor Salmonella hebben in een ringonderzoek hoge en lage concentraties Salmonella aangetoond in rundergehakt. Hiermee hebben ze laten zien dat ze voldoen aan de gestelde eisen. De Modified Semi-solid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV), een analysemethode die veel gebruikt wordt voor Salmonella in dierenmest, bleek de beste methode voor het aantonen van Salmonella in rundergehakt. Vijfentwintig referentielaboratoria deden in september 2006 mee aan een ringonderzoek van het Communautair Referentie Laboratorium (CRL) voor Salmonella. Doel was in eerste instantie om na te gaan of de laboratoria Salmonella in gehakt goed konden aantonen. In tweede instantie werd ook onderzocht wat de beste analysemethode was voor het aantonen van Salmonella in rundergehakt. Ieder laboratorium kreeg een pakket toegestuurd met rundergehakt en 35 gelatine capsules met melkpoeder van verschillende besmettingsniveaus Salmonella. De laboratoria moesten volgens voorschrift gehakt en capsules samenvoegen en onderzoeken op de aanwezigheid van Salmonella. Voor het onderzoek gebruikten de laboratoria drie methoden: Rappaport Vassiliadis Soya broth (RVS), Mueller Kauffmann Tetrathionaat met novobiocine (MKTTn) en Modified Semi-solid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV). De eerste twee methoden (RVS en MKKTn) staan bekend als internationaal voorgeschreven voor de analyse van Salmonella in levensmiddelen. De derde methode (MSRV) wordt gebruikt om Salmonella in dierlijke mest aan te tonen. Met een van de levensmiddelenmethoden (MKTTn) vonden alle laboratoria in slechts 88% van de monsters Salmonella. De methode voor dierlijke mest (MSRV) bleek de beste resultaten te geven. Hiermee vonden alle laboratoria in 99% van de besmette monsters Salmonella. De levensmiddelenmethode MKTTn blijkt dus niet de meest optimale methode te zijn voor het aantonen van Salmonella in rundergehakt.The European National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) for Salmonella were able to detect high and low levels of Salmonella in a ring trial using minced beef as matrix, thereby reaching the level of good performance. The Modified Semi-solid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV), a method often used for the detection of Salmonella in animal faeces, turned out to be the best method for minced beef. This was one outcome of the inter-laboratory comparison study organized by the Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) for Salmonella on the detection of Salmonella spp. in a food matrix in September 2006. The first, and most important goal, was to see if the 25 participating laboratories in this study could detect Salmonella in minced beef. The second goal was to compare the different analysis methods for the detection of Salmonella in minced beef. Each laboratory received a package containing minced beef and 35 gelatin capsules containing different levels of Salmonella. According to the instructions, the laboratories spiked the meat with the capsules and tested those samples for the presence of Salmonella. The laboratories used three methods for running this test: Rappaport Vassiliadis Soya broth (RVS), Mueller Kauffmann Tetrathionate novobiocin broth (MKTTn) and Modified Semi-solid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV). The first two methods are internationally prescribed for the detection of Salmonella in food, while the third (MSRV) is prescribed for the detection of Salmonella in veterinary faeces. All laboratories found Salmonella in just 88% of the samples using one of the food methods (MKTTn). The method for the veterinary samples, MSRV, gave the best results, with 99% of all laboratories detecting Salmonella in the spiked samples. The MKTTn food method is therefore not the optimal medium for the detection of Salmonella in minced beef.European CommissionLegislation Veterinaire et Zootechniqu

A national antimicrobial guide with local, customizable versions:how is it used? A two-year analysis

OBJECTIVES: Guideline adherence is one of the most important objectives for antibiotic stewardship. The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB) developed an online national guide (SWAB-ID) in 2006. Every Dutch hospital is offered the opportunity to customize the national version to their local context and distribute it through an independent website. We studied user data to see how often the guidelines on therapy, prophylaxis and medication are used.METHODS: Data on usage between 19 June 2020 and 30 June 2022 were extracted through Google Analytics for the national site and the 53 hospitals using a customized version of the national guide. User data were divided into three main groups: users of the national guide SWAB-ID, and users of the sites of general hospitals and university hospitals.RESULTS: A total of 1 837 126 searches were analysed, of which 1 393 681 (75.9%) concerned therapy, 111 774 (6.1%) prophylaxis and 331 671 (18%) medication. Of these searches, 456 854 (24.9%) were performed on the national site, 950 887 (51.8%) by general hospitals and 429 385 (23.4%) by university hospitals. The most commonly searched tracts among all user groups were lower respiratory tract (21.8%), kidney and urinary tract (16.6%) and skin and soft tissues (11.8%). The most commonly searched conditions were community-acquired pneumonia (15.3%), cystitis (13.5%) and sepsis (11.3%). The top ranked pages on medication differed for the three categories of users.CONCLUSIONS: The SWAB-ID antimicrobial guide is used extensively by both general and university hospitals. The online guide can help in prescribing therapy according to the guideline.</p

A national antimicrobial guide with local, customizable versions:how is it used? A two-year analysis

OBJECTIVES: Guideline adherence is one of the most important objectives for antibiotic stewardship. The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB) developed an online national guide (SWAB-ID) in 2006. Every Dutch hospital is offered the opportunity to customize the national version to their local context and distribute it through an independent website. We studied user data to see how often the guidelines on therapy, prophylaxis and medication are used.METHODS: Data on usage between 19 June 2020 and 30 June 2022 were extracted through Google Analytics for the national site and the 53 hospitals using a customized version of the national guide. User data were divided into three main groups: users of the national guide SWAB-ID, and users of the sites of general hospitals and university hospitals.RESULTS: A total of 1 837 126 searches were analysed, of which 1 393 681 (75.9%) concerned therapy, 111 774 (6.1%) prophylaxis and 331 671 (18%) medication. Of these searches, 456 854 (24.9%) were performed on the national site, 950 887 (51.8%) by general hospitals and 429 385 (23.4%) by university hospitals. The most commonly searched tracts among all user groups were lower respiratory tract (21.8%), kidney and urinary tract (16.6%) and skin and soft tissues (11.8%). The most commonly searched conditions were community-acquired pneumonia (15.3%), cystitis (13.5%) and sepsis (11.3%). The top ranked pages on medication differed for the three categories of users.CONCLUSIONS: The SWAB-ID antimicrobial guide is used extensively by both general and university hospitals. The online guide can help in prescribing therapy according to the guideline.</p