Risk factors and target organ damage: is there a special case for prehypertension?

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Comparison of five methods of computing the Dirichlet-Neumann operator for the water wave problem

We compare the effectiveness of solving Dirichlet-Neumann problems via the Craig-Sulem (CS) expansion, the Ablowitz-Fokas-Musslimani (AFM) implicit formulation, the dual AFM formulation (AFM*), a boundary integral collocation method (BIM), and the transformed field expansion (TFE) method. The first three methods involve highly ill-conditioned intermediate calculations that we show can be overcome using multiple-precision arithmetic. The latter two methods avoid catastrophic cancellation of digits in intermediate results, and are much better suited to numerical computation. For the Craig-Sulem expansion, we explore the cancellation of terms at each order (up to 150th) for three types of wave profiles, namely band-limited, real-analytic, or smooth. For the AFM and AFM* methods, we present an example in which representing the Dirichlet or Neumann data as a series using the AFM basis functions is impossible, causing the methods to fail. The example involves band-limited wave profiles of arbitrarily small amplitude, with analytic Dirichlet data. We then show how to regularize the AFM and AFM* methods by over-sampling the basis functions and using the singular value decomposition or QR-factorization to orthogonalize them. Two additional examples are used to compare all five methods in the context of water waves, namely a large-amplitude standing wave in deep water, and a pair of interacting traveling waves in finite depth.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures. (change from version 1: corrected error in table on page 12

Development Of An Optical Character Recognition Function System For Integrated Circuit Label Classification Using Neural Network

Presently, many Integrated Circuit (IC) manufacturers are applying machine vision solution to ensure the legibility of characters printed on the top surface of IC Package. In template matching technique there are about 10% of ICs rejected due to very little defects in quality of marking even though the characters are correct. The objective of this project is to develop an IC inspection system that has optical character recognition function system by using neural network. Feed forward back propagation neural network method is used in this task. The system developed is able to read 36 characters ( A to Z and 0 to 9) printed on ICs. The recognition time in template matching is 650μs. In neural network technique, by feeding-in Raw Data, Feature, and Hybrid (combination of Raw Data and Feature), they clock 18.22μs, 15.64μs and 19.32μs respectively. The recognition accuracy is 96.26% for the former and 98.25%, 98.83% and 99.61% for the latter. This is a solution to minimise rejects of ICs in manufacturing process. The reduction of processing time in manufacturing process contributes to the increase of productivity. Moreover, application of this technique gives a solution to avoid mismatch of parts (ICs) in manufacturing lots

Spatio-temporal Patterns of Indian Monsoon Rainfall

The primary objective of this paper is to analyze a set of canonical spatial patterns that approximate the daily rainfall across the Indian region, as identified in the companion paper where we developed a discrete representation of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall using state variables with spatio-temporal coherence maintained using a Markov Random Field prior. In particular, we use these spatio-temporal patterns to study the variation of rainfall during the monsoon season. Firstly, the ten patterns are divided into three families of patterns distinguished by their total rainfall amount and geographic spread. These families are then used to establish `active' and `break' spells of the Indian monsoon at the all-India level. Subsequently, we characterize the behavior of these patterns in time by estimating probabilities of transition from one pattern to another across days in a season. Patterns tend to be `sticky': the self-transition is the most common. We also identify most commonly occurring sequences of patterns. This leads to a simple seasonal evolution model for the summer monsoon rainfall. The discrete representation introduced in the companion paper also identifies typical temporal rainfall patterns for individual locations. This enables us to determine wet and dry spells at local and regional scales. Lastly, we specify sets of locations that tend to have such spells simultaneously, and thus come up with a new regionalization of the landmass

Evaluation of Computer Workstation Standards

This thesis aims at studying and evaluating the relevancy of the latest existing standards that have been established for setting up a computer workstation. The standards referred to in this study is the ANSI/HFES 100 (2007). Over the past two decades, standards have been updated to get along with new technology. However, by human nature, we does not always use these standards in the best way. Also, even if someone does set up their workstation in a way that are in accordance with standards, chances are that the user did not even know they were setting it in those ‘standard recognized’ way. It is more through their natural instinct and comfort that they do end up setting the workstation in that way. During computer tasks, people tend to shift their posture well outside of ‘standard advised’ posture ranges. If that is the case, then why enforce standards at all? That is exactly the intention of this thesis. By having two groups (one workstation set up according to standards and the other is set up by the user according to their comfort) the experimenter is able to compare and show that the postural behavior between the two groups are not significantly different and hence, the data gathered fails to show that standards could make any difference in the way a user sets up his/her workstation and also it does not affect the postural behavior or shifts in posture during the two-hour task. The study also tries to find out the effect of a two-hour computer task on stereoacuity and pupil diameter changes in participants . From the results and conclusion arrived in this study, companies can decide whether or not to spend valuable money and time in hiring an ergonomic expert in setting up workstations. Maybe the best thing they could do is provide the ergonomic office furniture and trust the judgement of the users to put it to best use