Development of scientific understanding of the essence of the fiscal control in Russia over the past 100 years

The relevance of the studied problem is determined by the fact that the modern understanding of the essence of the fiscal control is based on the research of specific essential characteristics. As a rule, they are not of system nature and are not connected with studies of other characteristics. The aim of this article is a synthesis of the main theoretical achievements in the study of the fiscal control in the Russian Federation and other countries, and identifying of the most important characteristics, which allow to reveal its internal content. The leading approach to the research of this issue is the system approach that provides a means of analyzing the essence of the fiscal control as a multifaceted phenomenon of the economic life of economic entities and the state. The main results of the research consist in the substantiation of the three major theoretical outputs concerning: a) the nature of the fiscal control as an economic phenomenon; b) the main essential characteristics of the fiscal control; c) interested user in information of the fiscal control as the foundation of its organization and implementation.. The materials of this article can be used for further research of the theory and methodology of carrying out the fiscal control, as well as its organization on the macro and micro levels. © 2016 Valieva et al

Globalization and regionalization: Institution aspect

The urgency of the analyzed problem is due to the fact that regionalization and globalization have a dual nature and depend on the institutional system, which, in turn, affects the establishment of new rules in the economic space in which interact businesses. The purpose of the article is to justify the fact that the institutional aspect of globalization and regionalization is, above all, in the establishment of new rules and norms of the economy that affect all businesses, and one of the key roles is performed by innovation and investment institutions. The main methods in the study of this problem is the dialectical method, which allows identifying trends in the development institutions at the regional level. Results: the article proves that the development of modern market institutions is associated with the stimulation of innovation activity in the regions and the creation of innovation systems in them, the effectiveness of which depends on the degree of interconnectedness and interdependence of the national innovation system, which corresponds to the globalization processes. The data of the article may be useful in determining institutions of the Samara region that promote economic development and competitiveness of the region, as well as practical development of managerial decisions related to improving the efficiency of the use of economic and administrative resources. © 2016 Matveev et al

Typology of strategies of personality meaning-making during professional education

The importance of the studied issue is conditioned by the fact that high dynamic of processes in the labour market requires constant work of an individual on self-determination and search for significance of his/her professional activity. The purpose of research is theoretical development and empirical verification of the types of strategies of meaning-making based on perceptions of future in terms of professional self-determination of the personality at the stage of vocational training. Basic research methods: modelling, psychosemantic approach, allowing to perform research process with the possibility of more in-depth analysis of the results. Research results: the model of the semantical future in the consciousness of the personality, which includes affective, cognitive, activity and intentional components is developed and empirically verified; the types of strategies of meaning-making based on perceptions of future in terms of professional selfdetermination of the personality at the stage of vocational training is identified, the typology includes the following 3 types of the meaning-making strategies: strategy of integration of the meaning of education and profession in the model of own future, strategy of disintegration and strategy of uncertainty and delay of the semantical choice. Significance of results: analysis of the semantical grounds for future professional activity will help optimize the training of a competent, competitive and adaptive specialist ready to continuous self-development, and to intensify the process of professional self-determination and building life and professional prospects of the personality at the stage of vocational training, as exactly at this stage the professional competence and identity is built up. © 2016 Shchipanova et al

Прогностическая ценность Geriatric Index of Comorbidity для прогнозирования исходов у пациентов старше 60 лет с политравмой. Ретро­спективное когортное исследование

Background Nowadays, since the older people are keeping and increasing their professional and social activity, the risk of injury in these patients is escalating. However, the results of polytrauma treatment among patients over 60 years old are worse than in the group of younger patients. This may be associated with the presence of concomitant somatic pathology, which worsens the prognosis of for survival among elderly and senile patients. In the modern literature, there is no description of effective tools for assessing the comorbid status in elderly and senile patients with polytrauma. Nevertheless, there are scales and indices of comorbidity developed for non-surgical patients. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients over 60 years of age with polytrauma and a several concomitant diseases, it is necessary to develop new or adapt one of the already created tools for assessing comorbid status.Purpose of the study To assess the dependence of the mortality rate in a group of patients with polytrauma over 60 years of age on the presence of concomitant somatic pathology and its severity, calculated by the geriatric index of comorbidity.Materia l and methods During the period from 2005 to 2020, 116 patients with polytrauma and chronic somatic pathology were treated at the Sklifosovsky Institute. The inclusion criteria for the study were the following: patients aged over 60 years old; или patients’ age over 60 years old; the Injury Severity Score over 17, the presence of concomitant somatic pathology in patients. The exclusion criteria were the lack of complete necessary information in the medical history, patients’ age being less than 60 years old. The Geriatric Index of Comorbidity was calculated for each patient. A retrospective analysis was conducted.Results A Geriatric Index of Comorbidity of 3 or more in the elderly patients with polytrauma was found prognostically unfavorable for survival (p=0.005). When implementing the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity rating system, the presence of concomitant somatic pathology was found to have the greatest impact on elderly and senile patients with polytrauma and Injury Severity Score 18–24 (p=0.001).Conclusion The system of calculating the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity is advisable to use for assessing the risk of mortality from concomitant somatic pathology and its severity in patients with polytrauma over 60 years of age.АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ На данный момент, учитывая сохранение и увеличение профессиональной и социальной активности пожилых людей, растет риск получения травм у данного контингента больных. Результаты лечения пациентов старше 60 лет с политравмой значительно хуже, чем в группе более молодого возраста. Это может быть связано с наличием сопутствующей соматической патологии, ухудшающей прогноз выживаемости среди пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. В современной литературе нет описания эффективных инструментов оценки коморбидного статуса у исследуемой группы пациентов. В настоящее время применяют шкалы и индексы коморбидности для пациентов терапевтического профиля. Чтобы увеличить эффективность лечения пациентов старше 60 лет с политравмой и наличием нескольких сопутствующих заболеваний, необходимо разработать или адаптировать один из уже созданных инструментов оценки коморбидного статуса.ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Оценить зависимость летальности в группе пациентов с политравмой старше 60 лет от наличия сопутствующей соматической патологии и тяжести ее, рассчитанной по Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC).МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В период с 2005 по 2020 год в институте имени Склифосовского пролечены 116 пациентов с политравмой и хронической соматической патологией. Критерии включения в исследование: возраст пациентов более 60 лет, балл Injury Severity Score (ISS) более 17, а также наличие у пациентов сопутствующей соматической патологии. Критерии исключения — отсутствие полной необходимой информации в истории болезни, а также возраст менее 60 лет. У каждого пациента рассчитан GIC. Проведен ретроспективный анализ.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Значение GIC 3 и более баллов у пациентов старших возрастных групп с политравмой прогностически неблагоприятно для жизни (p=0,005). При использовании системы оценки GIC сопутствующая соматическая патологии оказывает наибольшее влияние на исход лечения пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с политравмой и баллами ISS 18–24 (p=0,001)

Professional Career of a Teacher as a Psychological and Pedagogical Problem

В статье рассматривается понятие профессиональная карьера педагога, сущность профессиональной карьеры педагога, проводится контент-анализ данного понятия с точки зрения психолого-педагогической науки.The article deals with the concept of a professional career of a teacher, the essence of a professional career of a teacher, and provides a content analysis of this concept from the point of view of psychological and pedagogical science

Impact of Echinococcosis on Quality of Sheep Meat in the South Eastern Kazakhstan

A survey of 2,123 slaughtered adult sheep in markets of the south-east Kazakhstan established that the average contamination of animals by Echinococcus granulosus is 9.1% with primary localization of cysts in livers and lungs. The histologic structure of the muscle tissue of infected sheep displayed destructive changes with a prevalence of granular dystrophy. The amount of protein, fat, calcium and energetical value of such meat considerably decreased. Besides in the muscle tissue of the animals infected with echinococcosis there was a substantial increase of humidity and amount of ash as well as qualitative and quantitative changes of the amino acids profile. Along with damage to the synthesis of proteins and sharp insufficiency of vitamins A, E, B1, and B2 there was a shift in a lipidic exchange that was expressed as a noticeable reduction in the level of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The data support the conclusion that the meat from the sheep infected with echinococcosis is of inferior quality and quantity compared to that of healthy animals

Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery in Patients with Recurrent Post-Coronary Stenting Angina

Background. A wide adoption of percutaneous coronary operations has led to an average one-third reduction in the aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACB) rate and altering of the ACB patient profile to mainly represent advanced occlusive coronary atherosclerosis.Materials and methods. The study analyses treatment outcomes in coronary heart disease patients with recurrent angina after a previous endovascular intervention. Over years 2009–2015, 1,023 ACB operations were performed at the Almetyevsk — OAO Tatneft Medical Unit cardiac surgery rooms. Pre-surgery coronary artery stenting (CAS) was rendered at various terms in 96 patients (23 % women, 76 % men; cohort 1). The main cohort (n = 96) was divided into 2 subgroups: IA (n = 64), single CAS; IB (n = 32), multiple CAS patients. For statistical significance, cohort 2 (control) comprised 185 patients (21 % women, 79 % men) to include every 5th history of the remaining 927 patients operated within same period.Results and discussion. The mean aortic occlusion time was shorter in multiple CAS patients vs. other cohorts (61.3 ± 31.2 vs. 72.5 ± 27.8 and 70.7 ± 41.2 min). Cohort 1 had an overall higher emergency resternotomy rate due to ongoing bleeding (7.4 and 8.3 vs. 2.0 %). Furthermore, pre-surgery multiple CAS patients more likely faced the complications of perioperative MI (8.5 vs. 3.1 and 1.4 %) and acute postoperative heart failure (7.2 vs. 2.3 and 1.4 %, p < 0.01). This cohort often required inotropic support (9.3 vs. 3.8 and 2.1 %).Conclusion. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher complication and mortality rate in patients with previous coronary stenting compared to ACB patients. Adverse ACB outcomes were observed with multiple-coronary stenting cases, in contrast to the cohort with no pre-surgery interventions

Subjective perception of life prospect and psychological adaptation of personality in disease conditions

In disease conditions a necessary condition for the rehabilitation of the patient is the presence of psychological resources to achieve the desired quality of life. The article presents the results of a study of subjective perception of life prospect and psychological adaptation in conditions of illness. This study allows to see the peculiarities of coping behavior on beliefs about the welfare of future life. Conducted nonparametric comparative analysis of patients of neurological Department and representatives of the population health standards. It is shown that in disease conditions the forming of positive picture of the future life is based on emotional and personal resources of the patient, while in a state of relative health personality uses cognitive and behavioral resources.В условиях болезни наличие психологических ресурсов достижения пациентом потребного качества жизни является необходимым условием реабилитации. Исследование субъективного восприятия жизненной перспективы и психологической адаптации в ситуации заболевания позволяет увидеть содержание влияния на представления о благополучии настоящей и будущей жизни особенностей осуществления личностью способов продуктивного психологического овладения трудностями. На основе непараметрического сравнительного анализа двух групп испытуемых, пациентов неврологического отделения и представителей популяционной нормы здоровья, показано, что в условиях болезни выстраивание общей позитивной картины будущей жизни происходит на основе эмоционально-личностных ресурсов пациента, в то время как в состоянии относительного здоровья личность использует когнитивные и поведенческие ресурсы

Оценка влияния материнского генотипа на реализацию продуктивного потенциала голштинизированного скота в условиях Новосибирской области

An analysis of the productive qualities of mothers cows and their offspring, obtained from different fathers, showed that the contribution of parents to the formation of milk productivity is unequal. Intensive selection of bulls-producers leads to fixation of homozygotes at the loci associated with traits of milk production, which increases their influence on offspring. The strength of the influence of the father’s factor on milk yield, milk protein and live weight of daughters was 6, respectively; 14 and 16%. The productivity level of mothers did not significantly affect the productivity of their daughters. High-yielding offspring can be obtained from low-yielding cows. Daughters surpassed their mothers in milk yield, but inferior in fat milk. The proportion of deviation from the theoretically expected productivity of daughters (milk yield per 305 days), which is caused by the influence of the maternal genotype, in the groups of Auckland No. 426436885, Showman No. 831842 and Euclid No. 831491, respectively, was 15.8; 27.5 and 30.4%. The correlation coefficient between the milk yield of mothers and daughters was + 0.25 (p <0.05), and body weight correlated at the level of +0.3 (p <0.01). In the groups of daughters, butterfat is associated with milk yield (r = - 0.5) and milk protein (from +0.34 to +0.67). For mothers, the relationship between these indicators was lower. It is possible that half-siblings have stronger genetic links between traits than unrelated mothers. Genetic diversity in milk yield (h2 = 0.6) and live weight (h2 = 0.5) was established. Repeatability coefficients for fat and milk protein were at the level of 0.35. The productive potential of the breed depends on the combinational compatibility of the parents, their contribution to the formation of complex quantitative characteristics of productivity.Анализ продуктивных качеств коров-матерей и их потомков, полученных от разных отцов, показал, что вклад родителей в формирование молочной продуктивности неравноценен. Интенсивный отбор племенных быков ведёт к фиксации гомозигот по локусам, ассоциированным с признаками молочной продуктивности, что увеличивает их влияние на потомков. Сила влияния фактора отца на удой, белковомолочность и живую массу дочерей составила соответственно 6; 14 и 16%. Уровень продуктивности матерей не оказал существенного влияния на продуктивность дочерей. От низкопродуктивных коров можно получать высокоудойное потомство. Дочери по удою превосходили своих матерей, но уступали по жирномолочности. Доля отклонения от теоретически ожидаемой продуктивности дочерей (удой за 305 дней), которая вызвана влиянием материнского генотипа, в группах Окленда-М № 426436885, Шоумена № 831842 и Эвклида № 831491 составила соответственно 15,8; 27,5 и 30,4%. Коэффициент корреляции между удоем матерей и дочерей составил + 0,25 (р<0,05), а живая масса коррелировала на уровне +0,3 (р<0,01). В группах дочерей жирномолочность связана с удоем (r= – 0,5) и белковомолочностью (от +0,34 до +0,67). У матерей связь между этими показателями была ниже. Возможно, у полусибсов сильнее генетическое сцепление между признаками, чем у неродственных матерей. Установлено генетическое разнообразие по удою (h 2=0,6) и живой массе (h 2=0,5). Коэффициенты повторяемости по жирно- и белковомолочности были на уровне 0,35. Продуктивный потенциал породы зависит от комбинационной сочетаемости родителей, их вклада в формирование сложных количественных признаков продуктивности

Great patriotic war 1941-1945 as historical memory phenomenon of contemporary Russian students

The paper presents the results of a Russian study on the state and dynamics of the historical memory of Russian students. As a scientific result, the paper presents the main socialization results by virtue of broadcasting the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War to students of the Russian frontier regio