Cosmological Implications of the Fundamental Relations of X-ray Clusters

Based on the two-parameter family nature of X-ray clusters of galaxies obtained in a separate paper, we discuss the formation history of clusters and cosmological parameters of the universe. Utilizing the spherical collapse model of cluster formation, and assuming that the cluster X-ray core radius is proportional to the virial radius at the time of the cluster collapse, the observed relations among the density, radius, and temperature of clusters imply that cluster formation occurs in a wide range of redshift. The observed relations favor the low-density universe. Moreover, we find that the model of $n\sim -1$ is preferable.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. To be published in ApJ Letter

Mass-Temperature Relation of Galaxy Clusters: A Theoretical Study

Combining conservation of energy throughout nearly-spherical collapse of galaxy clusters with the virial theorem, we derive the mass-temperature relation for X-ray clusters of galaxies $T=CM^{2/3}$. The normalization factor $C$ and the scatter of the relation are determined from first principles with the additional assumption of initial Gaussian random field. We are also able to reproduce the recently observed break in the M-T relation at T \sim 3 \keV, based on the scatter in the underlying density field for a low density $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Finally, by combining observational data of high redshift clusters with our theoretical formalism, we find a semi-empirical temperature-mass relation which is expected to hold at redshifts up to unity with less than 20% error.Comment: 43 pages, 13 figures, One figure is added and minor changes are made. Accepted for Publication in Ap

Matrix Quantization of Turbulence

Based on our recent work on Quantum Nambu Mechanics \cite{af2}, we provide an explicit quantization of the Lorenz chaotic attractor through the introduction of Non-commutative phase space coordinates as Hermitian $N \times N$ matrices in $R^{3}$. For the volume preserving part, they satisfy the commutation relations induced by one of the two Nambu Hamiltonians, the second one generating a unique time evolution. Dissipation is incorporated quantum mechanically in a self-consistent way having the correct classical limit without the introduction of external degrees of freedom. Due to its volume phase space contraction it violates the quantum commutation relations. We demonstrate that the Heisenberg-Nambu evolution equations for the Matrix Lorenz system develop fast decoherence to N independent Lorenz attractors. On the other hand there is a weak dissipation regime, where the quantum mechanical properties of the volume preserving non-dissipative sector survive for long times.Comment: 14 pages, Based on invited talks delivered at: Fifth Aegean Summer School, "From Gravity to Thermal Gauge theories and the AdS/CFT Correspondance", September 2009, Milos, Greece; the Intern. Conference on Dynamics and Complexity, Thessaloniki, Greece, 12 July 2010; Workshop on "AdS4/CFT3 and the Holographic States of Matter", Galileo Galilei Institute, Firenze, Italy, 30 October 201

Inibição in vitro de Colletotrichum Musae, agente da antracnose da banana, por meio de agentes vegetais, biológicos e químicos.

A antracnose ( Colletotrichum musae) destaca-se entre as doenças que afetam a banana. Com objetivo de controlar esse patógeno, avaliou--se, em ensaio in vitro, a eficiência dos extratos e óleos essenciais de: Lippia sidoides Cham., Caryophillus aromaticus L. e Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.; antagonistas, como o fungo Trichoderma sp., a levedura IA8 (UFC), e Bacillus subtilis; indutores de resistência, como o acibenzolar-S-metil, o fosfito de potássio e o ácido salicílico; e, ainda, antissépticos, como o hipoclorito de sódio (NaCLO), o dióxido de cloro e o sorbato de potássio. Os testes in vitro foram feitos em meio BDA + tetraciclina (50 µg.mL-1), nas concentrações de 5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL, 20 mL, 25 mL e 30 mL de cada extrato; 0 µL, 25 µL, 50 µL e 100 µL de cada óleo; 0,05 g, 0,3 g e 300 µL dos indutores Bion®, ácido salicílico e fosfito de potássio, respectivamente; 0,1 g, 25 mL e 100 µL dos antissépticos sorbato de potássio, hipoclorito de sódio e dióxido de cloro, respectivamente, sendo a atividade antagônica determinada pelo método de culturas pareadas para Trichoderma sp. e pelo método do funil para a levedura IA8. A formulação com Bacillus subtilis foi testada na proporção de 100 µL/100 mL de BDA. Placas com apenas meio BDA ou o fungicida carbendazim (10 µL/100 mL) foram utilizadas como testemunhas. Os testes foram realizados à temperatura de 28°C ± 2°C e com fotoperíodo de 12h durante um período de sete dias. Em todos os casos estudados, os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Em todas as concentrações testadas, os extratos e óleos essenciais de Lippia sidoides e Caryophillus aromaticus , assim como o ácido salicílico, o hipoclorito de sódio e o controle químico, foram efetivos, inibindo o patógeno. O fosfito de potássio e os antagonistas Trichoderma sp. e Bacilus subtilis também foram efetivos com reduções de 91,8%; 84,0% e 74,0%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os extratos e óleos essenciais vegetais de Lippia sidoides e Caryophillus aromaticus , o ácido salicílico, o hipoclorito de sódio, fosfito e os antagonistas Trichoderma sp. e Bacillus subtilis poderão constituir-se em alternativa promissora ao controle do Colletotrichum musae.bitstream/item/69801/1/BPD12001.pd

Controle preventivo do tombamento em mudas de cebola (Allium cepa L.).

bitstream/item/72338/1/CPAMN-COM.-TEC.-5-92.pd

Monitoramento, sanitização e controle químico no manejo da mancha de corinespora do mamoeiro.

bitstream/item/80202/1/Mancha-de-CorynesporadoMamoeiro69.pd

Manejo integrado da pinta-preta do mamoeiro no Ceará.

bitstream/item/80199/1/Pinta-Preta68.pd

Normalizing the Temperature Function of Clusters of Galaxies

We re-examine the constraints which can be robustly obtained from the observed temperature function of X-ray cluster of galaxies. The cluster mass function has been thoroughly studied in simulations and analytically, but a direct simulation of the temperature function is presented here for the first time. Adaptive hydrodynamic simulations using the cosmological Moving Mesh Hydro code of Pen (1997a) are used to calibrate the temperature function for different popular cosmologies. Applying the new normalizations to the present-day cluster abundances, we find $\sigma_8=0.53\pm 0.05 \Omega_0^{-0.45}$ for a hyperbolic universe, and $\sigma_8=0.53\pm 0.05 \Omega_0^{-0.53}$ for a spatially flat universe with a cosmological constant. The simulations followed the gravitational shock heating of the gas and dark matter, and used a crude model for potential energy injection by supernova heating. The error bars are dominated by uncertainties in the heating/cooling models. We present fitting formulae for the mass-temperature conversions and cluster abundances based on these simulations.Comment: 20 pages incl 5 figures, final version for ApJ, corrected open universe \gamma relation, results unchange