The history of keratoprosthetics in the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

ABSTRACT The article highlights a 45-year experience in keratoprosthetics at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. During this period, more than 1,000 keratoprostheses of different types has been implanted. The design features, advantages and disadvantages of foreign keratoprosthesis – Choyce-1, Choyce-2, H. Cardona «bolt-nut», which were used in the clinic in the first stages of prosthetics of the cornea, are described. There are presented the basic requirements for penetrating keratoprosthesis, which inspired the creation of the own original models of corneal prostheses: Fyodorov-Zuev, Moroz-Glazko, «Mesh», biokeratoprosthesis. This article describes surgical techniques of implantation of various keratoprostrhesis designs in case of thin, irregular leucomas using the method of simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty and keratoprosthesis – the transplantation of corneal-prosthetic complex. Intra- and postoperative complications are mentioned as well as methods of their prophylaxis and management. In the paper there are also noted different operations performed simultaneously with keratoprosthesis

Reconstruction of anterior segment of the eye with simultaneous transplantation of a corneal prosthesis complex in case of burn leucoma of category 5 (a case report)

ABSTRACT Purpose. Analysis of results in optical reconstructive surgery in structures of anterior ocular segment with a simultaneous transplantation of corneal prosthetic complex in a patient with burn vascular leucoma of the category 5. Material and methods. In patient (male, age 50 years) with burn vascular leucoma of the category 5 after multiple attempts of keratoprosthesis during 9 years a simultaneous reconstruction of anterior segment with a transplantation of corneal prosthetic complex was performed. Results. The operation and the postoperative course were without complications. A visual acuity increase with stabilization up to 0.03 was noted in control examinations during the whole follow-up (11 months). Objectively in an analogous postoperative period the keratoprosthesis had a correct and stable position in the corneal layers without any signs of superficial leucoma layers necrosis. Conclusions. The reconstruction of anterior segment with a transplantation of corneal prosthetic complex increases a quality and results of operation, provides a long maintenance of achieved visual functions, increasing a life quality of patients, decreases a risk of postoperative complications and a necessity of repeated surgical interventions

Comparative analysis of assessment methods for operational and anesthetic risks in ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding

Aim of the investigation: to conduct a comparative analysis of methods of evaluation of surgical and anesthetic risks in ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis ofthe extent of the surgical and anesthetic risks and results of treatment of 71 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding has been conducted in the study. To evaluate the surgical and anesthetic risks classification trees are used, scale ТА. Rockall and prognosis System of rebleeding (SPRK), proposed by N. V. Lebedev et al. in 2009, enabling to evaluate the probability of a fatal outcome. To compare the efficacy ofthe methods the following indicators are used: sensitivity, specificity and prediction of positive result. Results. The study compared the results ofthe risk assessment emergency operation by using these methods with the outcome ofthe operation. The comparison ofthe prognosis results in sensitivity leads to the conclusion that the scales ТА. Rockall and SPRK are worse than the developed method of classification trees in recognizing patients with poor outcome of surgery. Conclusion. The method of classification trees can be considered as the most accurate method of evaluation of surgical and anesthetic risks in ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding

Sour milk beverage preparation technology

In order to expand the range of dairy products for the elderly, a technology has been developed for preparing a fermented milk drink with stevia, using a combined starter culture from kefir fungi, bulgarian bacillus, thermophilic streptococcus and bifidobacteria. During the research, modern standard methods were used. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Research Institute of Agroecology of the Gorsk State Agrarian University, in the laboratory of food products of the commodity-technological faculty of the Gorsky State Agrarian University, in the Scientific Laboratory of Feed and Metabolism of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. In laboratory conditions, the quality of milk and fermented milk drink was determined. The organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological indicators of the quality of milk and milk drink, the amino acid composition of proteins, the content of toxic elements, and nutritional value have been investigated. During our research, we found that the quality of the used pasteurized cow's milk meets the requirements of the standard and TR CU. During laboratory studies, it was found that the quality indicators of the fermented milk drink are within the requirements of the current NTD. According to economic calculations, the production of this product is profitable

ПОДДЕРЖКА РОССИЙСКИХ КОМПАНИЙ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ БРАЗИЛИИ, ИНДИИ, ЮАР И КИТАЕ

The article is devoted to the sphere of agriculture of the BRICS countries: Russia, Brazil, India, South Africa and China. The article reveals the main problems in the sphere of agriculture of the four countries, as well as the ways of their solution, their current state. The opportunities of Russian companies and other companies of the BRICS countries in the markets are also considered, and prospects for cooperation of Russia within the BRICS are analyzed.Статья посвящена сфере сельского хозяйства стран БРИКС: России, Бразилии, Индии, ЮАР и Китая. Раскрываются основные проблемы в сфере сельского хозяйства четырех стран, а также пути их решения и текущее состояние. Рассматриваются возможности российских компаний и других компаний стран БРИКС на рынках, а также перспективы сотрудничества России в рамках БРИКС

Features of disorders in the hemostasis system in acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus

Background. Until now, acute peritonitis remains in the focus of attention in modern abdominal surgery, which is due to the preservation of a high level of morbidity and mortality, as well as high treatment costs. Materials and methods. 46 patients with acute appendicitis complicated by peritonitis were studied, divided into 2 groups: the first (n=28) – without concomitant diabetes mellitus; and the second (n = 18) – with diabetes mellitus (mainly of the first type). The patients were operated on: appendectomy, sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity were performed. Methods: assessment of the state of the hemostasis system, platelet aggregation activity, their lipid composition, the severity of oxidative processes and phospholipase activity. Follow-up period: before surgery, 2 and 5 days after surgery. Results. It was found that in acute peritonitis, there was an increase in the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the blood plasma at the observation stages by 70.8, 54.2 and 98.6, 82.3% (р < 0.05), a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase by 37.5 and 33.1% (р < 0.05), an increase in the activity of phospholipase A2 by 141.7 and 44.8% (р < 0.05). During hospitalization of patients to the clinic, an increase in the content of cholesterol esters, cholesterol, triglycerides in platelets was noted by 13.9, 13.6, 20.9% (р < 0.05), respectively. An increase in the degree of platelet aggregation was revealed by 18.3% (р < 0.05). Coagulation time was reduced by 21.1% (р < 0.05), clot formation – by 22.4% (р < 0.05). The fibrinolysis time was prolonged by 21.2% (р < 0.05). Comparative analysis has shown that in diabetes mellitus there are large violations in the system of hemostasis and homeostasis in general. In patients of this group, the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in blood plasma exceeded those of the comparison group at all stages of observation by 22.0-23.4 and 15.1-18.0% (р < 0.05), the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by 17.1-18.3% (р < 0.05), phospholipase A2 increased by 44.8-42.5% (р < 0.05).<0.05). Changes in the lipid spectrum of platelets increased: cholesterol levels were higher by 14.7% (р < 0.05), triglycerides – by 21.2% (р < 0.05), free fatty acids – by 19.3% (р < 0.05). Comparative analysis of the hemostasis system showed that the coagulation reaction time in this group on the 2nd and 5th days decreased by 14.2 and 26.3% (р < 0.05), the time of clot formation - by 15.1 and 13.6% (р < 0.05), the percentage of lysis – by 19.4 and 12.5% (р < 0.05). Conclusions. One of the significant factors in the modulation of the hemostasis system in comorbid pathology of patients with acute peritonitis is a significant activation of trigger agents leading to oxidative stress, excessive phospholipase activity, changes in the composition of platelet lipids, hypercoagulemia, inhibition of fibrinolytic activity, microthrombosis. This is especially evident in conditions burdened with diabetes mellitus, in which the activity of hemocoagulation triggers and their effect on the hemostasis system is detected to a greater extent