Studies of ticks of the genus Dermacentor (Acari; Ixodidae) on the natural occurrence of tularemia pathogen in the conditions of the Central Pre-Caucasian region

The purpose of the research is the assessment of the Francisella tularensis occurrence in nature in ticks of the genus Dermacentor; understanding the physiological age in terms of tick infection with tularemia pathogen.Materials and methods. For the period from 2015 to 2019, we examined 8449 specimens of Dermacentor marginatus (916 pools), 8674 specimens of D. reticulatus (705 pools), and 109 specimens of D. niveus (40 pools) for tularemia infection. To assess the dependence of tularemia pathogen found in ticks of different physiological ages, we examined 2440 specimens of D. marginatus (360 pools), and 3349 specimens of D. reticulatus (412 pools) for the period from 2016 to 2019. Studies of ixodid ticks infected with tularemia pathogen were performed by the Natural Focal Infection Laboratory of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute. Pools of ixodid ticks were examined for the pathogen DNA of tularemia using reagent kits for identifying Francisella tularensis DNA by polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence hybridization of results recorded in real time.Results and discussion. The infection rate of the tularemia pathogen in ticks in the Central Pre-Caucasian region ranged from 0.044–1.127% in D. marginatus and 0.035–1.455% in D. reticulatus in different years. The greatest number of F. tularensis was isolated from the III physiological age ticks. For D. reticulatus ticks, no statistically significant dependence of the detected tularemia pathogen on physiological age was found

Localized charged states and phase separation near second order phase transition

Localized charged states and phase segregation are described in the framework of the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions. The Coulomb interactions determines the charge distribution and the characteristic length of the phase separated states. The phase separation with charge segregation becomes possible because of the large dielectric constant and the small density of extra charge in the range of charge localization. The phase diagram is calculated and the energy gain of the phase separated state is estimated. The role of the Coulomb interaction is elucidated

Comparison of open femoral exposure and percutaneous access in endovascular reconstruction of the thoracic aorta: a two-center retrospective study

Aim. To analyze the efficacy and safety of the percutaneous transfemoral puncture technique for TEVAR (thoracis endovascular aortic repair).Material and methods. The retrospective study included 89 patients with aortic pathologies, for whom endovascular repair was performed: 51 patients (57%) with aortic dissection (type I DeBakey — 30 cases (58,8%) and type III — 21 (41,2%)), 38 (43%) patients with aortic aneurism. 82% of patients were male, the median age was 57 years (minimum age 17 years, maximum age 75 years). All patients were divided into two groups: in the first group (48 patients) endovascular aortic repair was performed under endotracheal anesthesia with open femoral exposure of the common femoral artery (CFA), in the second group (41 patients) — by percutaneous puncture method under local anesthesia. Technical and clinical aspects of procedures were analyzed.Results. Technical success of endovascular repair was achieved in 100% cases in both groups. The duration of the operation in the group with percutaneous access was statically significantly shorter (120 (94-150) minutes vs 87(60-120) minutes, p=0,001). Also, the time spent by patients in the intensive care unit and the period of hospitalization (18 (14-22) hours versus 1 (0-3) hours, p=0,001; 5 (4-6) days versus 4 (3-5) days, p=0,03) was shorter. In the open access group 2 (4,2%) patients developed access-related complications - acute thrombosis of the common femoral artery and hematoma of the postoperative wound, which required additional surgical aid - thrombectomy from the CFA, the second patient had evacuation of the hematoma of the postoperative wound. Cite-related complications in the second group were not observed. No major complications including neurological deficits and hospital mortality were observed in both groups.Conclusions. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) using percutaneous access under local anesthesia in stable patients has proven to be safe and effective. The operation time is significantly reduced and this approach in most cases eliminates the need for the patient to stay in the intensive care unit in the early postoperative period. Possibility of early mobilization of the patient appears with reducing of the duration of hospitalization

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016, AND PROGNOSIS FOR 2017

Abstract. This paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in Russia in 2016. Summarized are the results of epizootiological survey of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the south of the European part of Russia, discussed are the results of genetic typing of CCHFV RNA isolates. In 2016, the Russian Federation reported 162 cases of CHF. Increase in the incidence of CHF occurred in the Astrakhan, Volgograd Regions, Republic of Kalmykia, and Stavropol Territory. For the first time CHF case was identified in Kabardino-Balkar Republic. In 2016 in stationary points for the long-term observation of the natural CHF focus, high abundance rates of larvae and nymphs of H. marginatum remain. In case of successful Ixodidae ticks wintering and late onset of the hot and dry season in the summer, 2017, there is probability that high numbers of H. marginatum will be retained and the period of the imago activity is prolonged, which may in its turn  contribute to the increase in CHF morbidity rates

Epidemiological Situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2012 and Prognosis for 2013

Represented is epidemiological evaluation of the morbidity rate as regards Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Russia in 2012. Summarized are the results of epizootiological surveillance over the territory of CHF natural focus in the South of European part of Russia. Forecast of CCHF epidemiological situation development for 2013 is made based on the epizootiological monitoring data

Analysis of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Morbidity Rates in the Russian Federation in 2017 and Prognosis for 2018

This paper presents the analysis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) morbidity rates in Russia in 2017; summarized are the results of epidemiological survey of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the south of the European part of Russia, discussed are the results of genetic typing of CCHF virus isolates. In 2017, the Russian Federation reported 78 cases of CHF. Decrease in the incidence of CHF occurred in the Volgograd Region, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Republic of Kalmykia, and Rostov Region. For the first time since 1967, CHF case has been identified in Crimea Republic. It is expected that the level of epizootic activity of CHF natural focus in Russia in 2018 will be at least equal to 2017. In case of favorable for Ixodidae ticks weather and climate conditions of the winter 2017–2018, as well as untimely acaricidal treatments, the number of Ixodidae ticks may increase, which along with the high scale of CCHF virus infection in ticks, will contribute to the increase in CHF incidence

Исследования клещей рода Dermacentor (Acari; Ixodidae) на естественную встречаемость возбудителя туляремии в условиях Центрального Предкавказья

The purpose of the research is the assessment of the Francisella tularensis occurrence in nature in ticks of the genus Dermacentor; understanding the physiological age in terms of tick infection with tularemia pathogen.Materials and methods. For the period from 2015 to 2019, we examined 8449 specimens of Dermacentor marginatus (916 pools), 8674 specimens of D. reticulatus (705 pools), and 109 specimens of D. niveus (40 pools) for tularemia infection. To assess the dependence of tularemia pathogen found in ticks of different physiological ages, we examined 2440 specimens of D. marginatus (360 pools), and 3349 specimens of D. reticulatus (412 pools) for the period from 2016 to 2019. Studies of ixodid ticks infected with tularemia pathogen were performed by the Natural Focal Infection Laboratory of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute. Pools of ixodid ticks were examined for the pathogen DNA of tularemia using reagent kits for identifying Francisella tularensis DNA by polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence hybridization of results recorded in real time.Results and discussion. The infection rate of the tularemia pathogen in ticks in the Central Pre-Caucasian region ranged from 0.044–1.127% in D. marginatus and 0.035–1.455% in D. reticulatus in different years. The greatest number of F. tularensis was isolated from the III physiological age ticks. For D. reticulatus ticks, no statistically significant dependence of the detected tularemia pathogen on physiological age was found.Цель исследований: оценка естественной встречаемости Francisella tularensis в клещах рода Dermacentor; выяснение связи физиологического возраста и зараженности клещей возбудителем туляремии.Материалы и методы. За период с 2015 по 2019 гг. на зараженность туляремией исследовано 8449 экз. Dermacentor marginatus (916 пулов), 8674 экз. D. reticulatus (705 пулов) и 109 экз. D. niveus (40 пулов). Для оценки зависимости обнаружения возбудителя туляремии в клещах разного физиологического возраста нами за период с 2016 по 2019 гг. исследовано 2440 экз. D. marginatus (360 пулов) и 3349 экз. D. reticulatus (412 пулов). Исследования на зараженность иксодовых клещей возбудителем туляремии проводили в лаборатории природно-очаговых инфекций Ставропольского противочумного института. Пулы иксодовых клещей исследовали на наличие ДНК возбудителя туляремии с использованием наборов реагентов для выявления ДНК Francisella tularensis методом полимеразной цепной реакции с гибридизационно-флуоресцентным учетом результатов в режиме реального времени.Результаты и обсуждение. Зараженность клещей возбудителем туляремии в Центральном Предкавказье в разные годы колеблется в пределах 0,044–1,127% у D. marginatus и 0,035–1,455% у D. reticulatus. В наибольшем количестве F. tularensis выделяли от клещей III физиологического возраста. Для клещей D. reticulatus не выявлено статистически значимой зависимости обнаружения возбудителя туляремии от физиологического возраста

Analysis of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2013 and Prognosis for 2014

Crimean hemorrhagic fever remains one of the priority infections in the South of Russia. Within the past five years morbidity rates are retained consistently high in a number of regions; mortality rates are on average 4.4 %. In 2013 registered were 79 cases of CHF in the Southern and North-Caucasian Federal Districts. Therewith performed has been analysis of epidemiological situation on CHF in the Russian Federation for 2013, summarized have been the results of epizootiological surveillance of the natural CHF focus area in the South of European Russia, discussed are the results of genetic CCHF virus typing, identified in 2011-2013 in the South of Russia. Based on epizootiological surveillance data made has been the forecast of epidemiological situation development as regards CHF for 2014

Properties of the barium strontium titanate film on the silicon substrate

The reported study was supported of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, research project No. 18-42-160005. The work is partially performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. A.S. Elshin thanks the Russian Foundation for Basic Research for financial support, project No. 17-32-50047

Epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2021

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2021. 49 cases of CCHF were detected in 2021, which is 1.53 times higher than in 2020. The mortality rate was 6.1 %. Sporadic cases of CCHF were registered in the Stavropol Territory, Rostov, Volgograd Regions, the Republics of Dagestan and Kalmykia. The incidence rates of CCHF were below the long-term average annual values in the majority of the constituent entities. Epizootiological survey of stationary observation points has revealed that the number of Hyalomma marginatum imago corresponded to the average long-term indicators in 2021, the peak of H. marginatum activity was noted in the II–III decades of May. The proportion of Ixodidae tick pools positive for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus markers exceeded the long-term average indexes in a number of regions. On the territory of the natural focus of CCHF, the circulation of the CCHF virus of the genetic lineages “Europe-1” and “Europe-3” was detected in 2021. Based on the analysis of the epidemiological data of the previous year and natural and climatic factors affecting the abundance and vital activity of H. marginatum ticks, risk-based quantitative forecast for the incidence of CCHF in the Stavropol Territory for 2022 has been compiled