ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM HABENARIA INTERMEDIA D. DON FOR SCREENING OF HEPATOPROTECITVE POTENTIAL AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED TOXICITY IN ALBINO RAT LIVER

The purpose of the study was to isolate the coumarin glycoside constituent from the ethyl acetate fraction of tubers of Habenaria intermedia D. Don by column chromatography using the gradient elution technique. The isolated coumarin glycoside was characterized by spectral studies and screened for hepatoprotecitve potential on CCl4 induced toxicity in rat liver. The coumarin glycoside (Scopoletin) protective activity was evaluated by the assay of liver function biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, Bilirubin, total protein and histopathological studies of the liver. Results showed that the toxic effect of CCl4 was controlled significantly by restoration of the levels of serum bilirubin, proteins and enzymes as compared to the normal and standard drug Silymarin treated groups. Histology of the liver sections of the rats treated with isolated coumarin glycoside showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration, which further substantiated hepatoprotecitve activity. Therefore, outcome of the present study ascertains that the isolated coumarin glycoside possesses significant hepatoprotecitve activity

Adaptogenic and <i style="">in vitro</i> antioxidant activity of flavanoids and other fractions of <i style="">Argyreia speciosa</i> (Burm.f) Boj. in acute and chronic stress paradigms in rodents

53-60Argyreia speciosa (sweet) (Burm.f.) Boj. is an Ayurvedic rasayana plant used as an adaptogen. The present study reports the investigations done on the adaptogenic property of ethanol (EtAS; 100 and 200 mg/kg; po), ethyl acetate (EAAS; 100 and 200 mg/kg; po) fraction and flavanoids such as quercetin and kaempferol (25 mg/kg; po) of the root. Immobilization induced acute stress (AS; 3 days) and chronic stress (CS; 7 days) and swimming induced stress models were used to screen the anti-stress effect of the plant fractions and isolated flavanoids. The tested doses of EtAS and isolated flavanoids were able to produce significant effects in normalizing altered serum biochemical parameters and the severity of ulcer in both AS and CS models. Higher dose of EtAS, quercetin and kaempferol (25 mg/kg; po) were found to be significant in restoring the hypertrophy of adrenal gland and atrophy of spleen and thymus gland only in CS model. Greater swimming time was noted in the mice pretreated with tested doses of flavanoids and EtAS. In addition, levels of adrenal ascorbic acid and cortisol were restored compared to stress control group. EtAS exhibited significant scavenging effect of DPPH, hydroxyl radical and LPO. Thus, EtAS, quercetin and kaempferol are capable of increasing the capacity to tolerate non-specific stress in experimental animals, as evident from restoration of large number of parameters in the stress models studied. Bioactivity of EtAS may be due to the synergetic action of isolated flavanoids. Improvement in stress markers may be due its prolong effect of resistance to stress and partly due to free radical scavenging activity

Antimicrobial activity of flavanoid sulphates and other fractions of Argyreia speciosa (Burm.f) Boj.

121-128Antimicrobial activity of flavanoid sulphates and different fractions of A. speciosa root was studied against bacteria, fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇ Rv sensitive strain by in vitro and in vivo assays. Flavanoid sulphates such as quercetin 3’7 di-O methyl 3- sulphate and kaempferol 7-O methyl 3-sulphate were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of 80% methanolic extract of the plant. The structures of the isolated flavanoids were confirmed by spectral studies. Ethyl acetate (EAAS) fraction and flavanoid sulphates inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis Rv sensitive strain at MIC values 50 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. Ethanolic fraction (EtAS) showed significant inhibition of gram positive organism with a MIC of 31.25 μg/ml. More inhibition was observed with a less MIC (2 µg/ml) for flavanoid sulphates against Klebsiella pneumoniae, a gram negative organism and it is almost comparable with the standards. Interestingly, chloroform fraction alone exhibited significant antifungal activity with a MIC of 100 μg/ml. A synergistic effect between flavanoids sulphates and commercially available antitubercular drugs was observed with FIC index of 0.443±0.245, 0.487±0.247 for isoniazid and 0.468±0.333, 0.417±0.345 for rifampicin, whereas EAAS fraction showed partial synergistic effect. A synergistic effect was observed for EAAS fraction and flavanoids sulphates with FIC index < 0.5 with antibiotics. Hemolysis assay on RBCs suggested that EAAS and flavanoids sulphates exhibited least cellular toxicity to erythrocytes as compared to chloramphenicol. In vivo studies in mice infected with K. pneumoniae demonstrated that on day 10 post treatment of different fractions and isolated compounds of A. speciosa, about 60% of the animals treated with EAAS, 70% of animals treated with flavanoids sulphates and 40% of animals treated with EtAS were survived

Antihypertensive activity of <i style="">Amuri </i>from <i style="">Musa paradisiaca </i>L.<i style=""></i>

197-200Amuri is a Kayakarpam preparation in Siddha System of Medicine for treatment of many diseases. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to study the antihypertensive activity of Amuri from plantain (Banana tree (Musa paradisiaca L.) through animal models. The drug was screened for all possible mechanisms that alter blood pressure like diuretic activity in albino rats, antianxiety activity in mice, calcium channel blocking activity and b-adrenoreceptor blocking activity on isolated frog heart. Amuri from Banana tree exhibited significant diuretic activity (p<0.001) at a dose level of 8ml and 10ml/kg bw, and was comparable to hydrochlorthiazide. Treatment with Amuri did not have any antianxiety activity. Amuri also produced significant positive ionotropic and negative chronotropic effect similar to that of digoxin on isolated frog heart. This action was not antagonized by propranalol. Pretreatment with verapamil significantly reduced the cardiotonic activity. Amuri produced a significant increase in the force of contraction and heart rate (p<0.001). The action of Amuri on isolated frog heart was not dose dependent

SYNTHESIS AND ASSESSMENT OF HEPATOPROTECITVE ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW 2-ARYL TETRAHYDROQUINOLINE AND SPIROOXYINDOLYL TETRAHYDROQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotecitve potential of some newly synthesized tetrahydroquinoline derivatives against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in wister rats.Methods: A series of 2-aryl, 4-N vinyl pyrrolido/caprolacto and spirooxy indolyl tetrahydroquinolines were synthesized by imino Diels-Alder reaction using Antimony (III) sulfate as catalyst. The titled compounds were characterized by IR, 1HNMR spectroscopy and screened for hepatoprotecitve activity. Hepatopotoxicity was induced in male Wister rats by intrperitoneal injection of CCl4. Wister rats weighing 150-200g were randomly assigned in to various groups of six animals each. Group I – Normal control received only 1% Tween in distilled water, Group II – Served as negative control received CCl4 in liquid paraffin 1 ml/kg p. o. at every 72 h for 10 days. Group III – X were intoxicated with CCl4 1 ml/kg p. o. before the administration of Silymarin 100 mg/kg p. o. and suspension of synthetic derivatives in polyethylene glycol-400 at the dose of 25 mg/kg p. o. for 10 days. Different hepatic biochemical parameters viz. SGOT, SGPT, SALP, Total and direct bilirubin were evaluated before and after treatment to investigate the hepatoprotecitve activity.Results: It was observed that in CCl4 intoxicated group; total and direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, SALP levels were significantly increased as compared to control group. Administration of synthesized tetrahydroquinoline derivatives at the dose of 25 mg/kg p. o. reduced these pathological damages caused by CCl4 intoxication compared to normal and Silymarin treated groups.Conclusion: The present study revealed that synthesized tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, showed hepatoprotecitve potential against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in wister rats, thus offering a novel synthetic formulation as a hepatoprotecitve drug.Â