Signalement des patients adultes en situation de danger. L'article 453 CC, une exception méconnue au secret professionnel [Reporting of adult patients in dangerous situations. Article 455 CC, an unrecognized exception of professional confidentiality]

Le secret professionnel est au cœur de la tension qui peut exister entre le respect de l’autonomie du patient et la nécessité de lui apporter l’aide nécessaire en situation de vulnérabilité ou de danger. En sus des exceptions obligatoires et non obligatoires au secret médical, le nouveau droit de protection de l’adulte et de l’enfant, entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 2013, prévoit, à l’article 453 CC, que les personnes liées par le secret professionnel ou de fonction pourront signaler à l’autorité de protection la situation d’un patient qui mettrait en danger sa vie ou son intégrité corporelle, ou représenterait ce type de danger pour autrui. Cette disposition ne devra être utilisée qu’en dernier recours, lorsque la personne concernée ne consent pas à la transmission des informations nécessaires et que tout autre moyen d’aide aura été inopérant

Synergies and Trade-offs between Climate Mitigation and Universal Access to Clean Cooking Goals

The vast majority of scenarios assessed in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report fail to sufficiently analyze some of the critical linkages between climate and development. We use an integrated assessment modeling framework—the MESSAGE-Access model—to explore the effects of climate policy on the feasibility and costs of achieving a universal clean cooking goal by 2030 in South Asia. We analyze the interaction between these goals using a wide range of scenarios of mitigation stringency and access policy mechanisms, with particular attention to the distributional effects on different urban/rural and income groups. This analysis is made possible by the application of a novel two-stage optimization framework that combines a household-decision model with a social-choice model. We find that achieving universal clean cooking by 2030 will require substantial policy efforts and costs even in a world without climate policies, but costs could be up to 44% higher under stringent climate mitigation. Notably, the incremental costs associated with stringent mitigation fall well within the possible range of policy costs from inefficient access support policies

Dynamic analysis environment for nuclear forensic analyses

A Dynamic Analysis Environment (DAE) software package is introduced to facilitate group inclusion/exclusion method testing, evaluation and comparison for pre-detonation nuclear forensics applications. Employing DAE, the multivariate signatures of a questioned material can be compared to the signatures for different, known groups, enabling the linking of the questioned material to its potential process, location, or fabrication facility. Advantages of using DAE for group inclusion/exclusion include built-in query tools for retrieving data of interest from a database, the recording and documentation of all analysis steps, a clear visualization of the analysis steps intelligible to a non-expert, and the ability to integrate analysis tools developed in different programming languages. Two group inclusion/exclusion methods are implemented in DAE: principal component analysis, a parametric feature extraction method, and k nearest neighbors, a nonparametric pattern recognition method. Spent Fuel Isotopic Composition (SFCOMPO), an open source international database of isotopic compositions for spent nuclear fuels (SNF) from 14 reactors, is used to construct PCA and KNN models for known reactor groups, and 20 simulated SNF samples are utilized in evaluating the performance of these group inclusion/exclusion models. For all 20 simulated samples, PCA in conjunction with the Q statistic correctly excludes a large percentage of reactor groups and correctly includes the true reactor of origination. Employing KNN, 14 of the 20 simulated samples are classified to their true reactor of origination

Droit de la santé et médecine légale

[Sommaire] Préambule. - Part. I: Droit de la santé: Contexte général [Ch. 7. Le système de santé suisse: présentation générale ; 9. Prévention des maladies et promotion de la santé]. - Professionnels de la santé et institutions sanitaires - Relations patients-soignants [choix éclairé des soins; confidentialité des données; communication des données] - Mesures médicales spéciales - Responsabilités - Mesures de protection - Substances thérapeutiques, contrôle du sang et sécurité alimentaires - Eléments de droit pénal. - Part. II: Médecine légale: Introduction - Constation du décès - Capacité et aptitude à conduire - Prise en charge des victimes de violence - L'ADN en médecine légale - Dopage - Psychiatrie médico-légale