Operationalising Co-design: Development of an ICT Platform to Facilitate Stakeholder Engagement in Water Sensitive Design

Co-design is considered a critical success method for designing efficient solutions. However, this method presents challenges when working with wicked problems because participants come from different backgrounds and disciplines. Through a case study review, this study describes the operationalisation of the co-design approach to develop an Information Communication Technology (ICT) platform to address the complex, wicked problem faced in Water Sensitive Design (WSD), namely stakeholder engagement. The ICT platform aimed to integrate data from different disciplines to facilitate the collaboration and engagement of WSD stakeholders. Participants were involved in five different co-design cycles to reach a strategic solution. This study aimed to fill the gap of the co-design method regarding its operationalisation from project inception to delivery.The study adopts a pragmatism philosophy to demonstrate how co-design could be executed entirely online using a sequential and evolving series of co-design workshops following the cycles developed by Ssozi-mugarura, Blake, and Rivett [37] and the factors for effective co-design developed by Yokota et al. [33]. Previous studies conclude that the two theoretical frameworks are feasible, convenient, and efficient due to their simplicity. However, relying solely on the co-design cycles without the aid of factors for effective co-design would not be sufficient to operationalise the co-design of an ICT platform from project inception to completion, as the two do not serve as complete instructional models on their own. Hence, a comprehensive model was created that combines these two models systematically and thoroughly. This study makes significant theoretical and methodological contributions, guiding future researchers and practitioners to run co-design sessions online with multiple and cross-sectoral stakeholder teams.</p

Towards Liveable Neighbourhoods by Redesigning Using Water Sensitive Design

This study was executed in Cape Town, a city that is arguably a microcosm ofcontemporary global challenges. Segregated apartheid colonial planning resulted in an atomised spatial geography. It is known that Water Sensitive Design (WSD) can regenerate urban catchments to bring multiple benefits, such as enhancing ecological health, securing water resources, increasing recreational opportunities, enhancing ecological and human health, reducing of urban heat island, mitigating floods and offering a range of economic benefits. But how can WSD spatially be integrated in an existing city setting given prevailing constraints? Located in Cape Town, the purpose of this study was to generate spatial WSD proposals that are responsive to the social inequity and informality challenges of a Global South city context. The empirical context of this study was Hangberg, a low income and informalising neighbourhood located at the edge of a biodiversity conservation area on the slopes of the Sentinel Mountain. Sandwiched between an artificial harbour and the nature reserve, the neighbourhood has limited land for expansion. In Hangberg, the above challenges are heightened, even as population increases naturally and by immigration. Hangberg neighbourhood is located in Hout Bay suburb. The history of Hout Bay suburb is centered around the Hout Bay River. Starting in the 1650s, the natural Hout Bay River Catchment was transformed through farming, lumbering and urbanisation. From the 1930s, advent of the private motorcar made scenic Hout Bay an attractive area for residential development. Hout Bay is today mainly an affluent residential suburb. The fishing, recreation and tourism industries are also important. But the river catchment and the bay are pressured by urban developed. Hangberg and Imizhamo Yethu are two low income enclaves in the otherwise affluent suburb. There have been many WSD studies in South Africa. The studies have come up with valuable fit-for-context WSD insights and solutions. But none of the studies have engaged with spatial integration of WSD solutions in a specific urban, environmental, social and legal-institutional context. The goal of this study was to create spatial WSD proposals that are responsive to prevailing contextual factors in a Global South city, including informality. The study intended to generate a set of spatially accurate WSD plans and a set of visualisations for a water sensitive precinct and neighbourhood. The study’s target was to formulate compelling and realistic proposals for water sensitive places in Hangbergand Hout Bay. This interdisciplinary study produced mutually supportive packages of knowledge from the fields of anthropology, hydrological engineering, urban planning, urban design and information systems. The study yielded the following key outcomes: (1) A hydrological model that demonstrates the flooding mitigating capacityof adding Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in the Hout Bay Catchment (2) A Water Sensitive Spatial Planning (WSSP) proposal for the Hout Bay Subdistrict of Cape Town (3) Insights into how low-income residents in Hangberg experience water, space and urban living (4) A Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSD) proposal for Hangberg neighbourhood (5) An online Decision Support Platformfor Water Sensitive Places</p