20 research outputs found
Associations of laboratory and clinical factors with antibiotic prescribing.
<p>Odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Open circles and dashed lines: univariate OR and 95%CI; variables are presented in decreasing order of strength of association with antibiotic prescription (p-value, details: see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185197#pone.0185197.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>), grey circles indicate a non-significant association (p-value ≥ 0.05), the OR estimate for pleural rub (OR>>10 with 95%CI ranging from 0-infinity, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185197#pone.0185197.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) is not illustrated. Black dots and solid lines: multivariate OR with 95%CI of variables remaining after backward deletion of non-significant variables. Vertical line: OR = 1 indicating no association with antibiotic prescription, ORs > 1 indicate an association with increased antibiotic prescription, ORs < 1 indicate an association with reduced antibiotic use. CRP: C-reactive protein. WBC: White blood cell count. Vacc.: Vaccine. RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus. HR: Heart rate. Hib: <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b.</p
Variables associated with antibiotic prescribing in univariate logistic regression.
<p>Variables associated with antibiotic prescribing in univariate logistic regression.</p
Variables associated with antibiotic prescription in multivariate logistic regression.
<p>Variables associated with antibiotic prescription in multivariate logistic regression.</p
Sensitivities and specificities for associations with antibiotic prescribing.
<p>Illustration of sensitivities and specificities (dots) with 95% confidence intervals (crosses) of each single variable for antibiotic prescription. Left panel: dichotomous variables. Right panel: For continuous variables the range of sensitivities and specificities for all possible thresholds is illustrated (gray receiver operating characteristic curves), as well as the sensitivity and specificity associated with the best threshold estimates. Best threshold estimates (95%CI) were: CRP: 26 (12–55) mg/L, age: 2.1 (1.1–4.8) years, temperature: 38.6 (37.3–38.9) °C, preceding fever: 2.5 (1.5–5.5) days. CRP: C-reactive protein. RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus. WBC: White blood cell count.</p
Additional file 3: of Estimation of the burden of varicella in Europe before the introduction of universal childhood immunization
Study characteristics. (XLSX 12Â kb
Pertussis vaccination schedules by country.
<p>Pertussis vaccination schedules by country.</p
Boxplot of the overall annual incidence of pertussis reported across all participating countries for each of the calendar years in the study period.
<p>Each boxplot represents the median (black line in box) and the 25th and 75th percentile incidence rates (edges of the box). The whiskers represent 1.5 x inter-quartile range. Outliers are represented as blue dots.</p
Surveillance system, clinical and laboratory criteria used by country.
<p>Surveillance system, clinical and laboratory criteria used by country.</p
Additional file 2: of Estimation of the burden of varicella in Europe before the introduction of universal childhood immunization
Variables used in the linear regression models. (DOCX 13Â kb