Assessment of Knowledge About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Primary School Girls in Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia, 2020 an Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Eshetu Yisihak Ukumo,1 Feleke Gebremeskel Woldehawariat,2 Samuel Abebe Dessalegn,1 Desta Markos Minamo,2 Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke1 1Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; 2School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Eshetu Yisihak Ukumo, Tel +251926266071, Email [email protected]: This study aimed to determine the knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination (PHV) and associated factors among primary school girls in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia, in 2020. Hence, the levels of knowledge towards the HPV vaccination of girls were assessed and recommended to the concerned bodies. Clinically, this study could increase the acceptance of HPV vaccination after the intervention of the concerned bodies to improve adolescents’ knowledge levels. As a result, it could decrease the incidence of cervical cancer. Socially, this study may increase the research involvement of adolescents, communities, and stakeholder groups.Patients and Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study involving 537 female students was conducted on January 24, 2020. The study participants were selected by a simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The logistic regression model was used to identify the statistically significant variables for knowledge of the human papillomavirus vaccination.Results: The overall knowledge level of the participants in this study was 71.7%. Their main source of information is social media (41.74%), followed by medical staff (29.69%). Age ≥ 15 years old, AOR =3.74, 95% CI (2.20_6.37), P-value < 0.001, grade level of 7 and 8, AOR =3.98, 95% CI (2.40_6.58), P-value < 0.001, mother’s educational status of secondary and more than secondary, and father’s educational status of more than secondary, AOR=13.60, 95% CI (5.69_32.53) P-value < 0.001, 22.27, 95% CI (8.23_60.30), P-value< 0.001, 2.18, 95% CI (1.09_4.35), P-value 0.03, respectively, and access to HPV vaccination information (AOR = 8.65, 95% CI (3.92_19.07), P-value 0.001) were associated with overall knowledge.Conclusion: Nearly three-fourths of the study participants were knowledgeable about human papillomavirus vaccination. Knowledge about the human papillomavirus vaccination shows a positive association with age, education level, parents’ educational status, and access to information sources.Keywords: cervical cancer, human papillomaviru

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation