34 research outputs found
Postpartum contraception: determinants of intention and methods of use among an obstetric cohort in a tertiary hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Background: Postpartum contraception reduces the risk of unintended and rapid repeat pregnancies. A comprehensive postpartum family planning (PPFP) service can enable women make adequate and informed choices on a preferred contraceptive method, initiating a method as well as encouraging them to use that method for a period depending on their reproductive intentions.Methods: This study aimed to determine women’s intention regarding uptake of postpartum family planning, the preferred methods and the factors associated with uptake. We conducted a cross-sectional study among women attending antenatal and postnatal clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test of comparison.Results: Four hundred and five women participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 28.4+5.3 years. The previous contraceptive usage was 39.8%. A total of 262 (64%) women intend to use a method of postpartum contraception. The most preferred intended postpartum contraceptive was subdermal implant (19.2%) followed by injectables (18.4%) and intrauterine contraceptive device (14.7%). Reasons cited for nonuse of postpartum contraception include spousal refusal, effect on fertility, desire for further child bearing, religious beliefs.Conclusions: Counselling on postpartum contraception during the antenatal and postnatal period can help women make informed choices among the wide range of available contraception
Postmaturity and Fetal Macrosomia in Jos, Nigeria
Background: One of the risk factors of post term pregnancy is fetal
macrosomia. The excessively large infant presents a recurring and
potentially serious obstetric problem. Methods:This was a retrospective
study of all consecutive births in the maternity unit, Jos University
Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, between January 1998 and December
2001. The case records of all mothers of babies born with weight of
4000g and above were retrieved and data collated and analyzed for total
deliveries, maternal and fetal characteristics, complications and
outcome of pregnancy. Results:Macrosomic infants (4000g and above) were
286 cases representing 2.9% of all deliveries. Ten (3.5%) of the
infants with macrosomia were preterm, 90.9% were term, and 5.6% were
post-term. The mean age and parity of the mothers with pregnancies at
term was 29.2 years, and 3.2 respectively. The post term mothers had a
mean age and parity of 32.7 years and 3.8 respectively. Maternal
morbidity included increased caesarean delivery, and vaginal trauma
(episiotomies, tears and bruises) in both groups. Caesarean section was
the mode of delivery in 31.3% of post term and 27.6% term infants,
while the indication for caesarean section was cephalopelvic
disproportion in 80% and 87.3% for post term and term infants
respectively. Fetal complications were birth asphyxia and stillbirth.
There were no gross fetal abnormalities recorded in the series. Still
birth rate was 8.1% and 12.5% in term and post term infants
respectively. Conclusion: Post term pregnancies account for macrosomic
babies in our facility, posing an increased risk to the mother and
fetus. Early diagnosis, intrapartum fetal monitoring and recourse to
operative delivery may improve the fetal outcome of these infants. A
correction to this article has been issued in Annals of African
Medicine, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2005, pp. 141. Please see the full text HTML
document for further details.Introduction :- L'un des facteurs de risque de la postmaturit\ue9 de
la grossesse est la macrosomie foetale. Un enfant qui est excessivement
grand provoque un probl\ue8me obst\ue9trique qui est r\ue9current
et potentiellement grave. M\ue9thodes : Il s'agit d'une \ue9tude
r\ue9trospective de toutes des naissances cons\ue9cutives dans le
service d'obst\ue9trique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Jos,
Jos, Nig\ue9ria, entre janvier 1998 et d\ue9cembre 2001. Les
dossiers m\ue9dicaux de toutes les m\ue8res des enfants n\ue9s
avec 4000g poids et de plus ont \ue9t\ue9 tir\ue9s et les
donn\ue9es rassembl\ue9es et analys\ue9es pour accouchement
total, des caract\ue9ristiques materneles et foetales, complications
et le r\ue9sultat de la grossesse. R\ue9sultats : Enfants
macrosomiques (4000g et lus) \ue9taient 286 soit 2,9% de tous
accouchements. Dix soit 3,5% des enfants avec macrosomie \ue9taient
pr\ue9terme, 90,9% \ue9taient terme. Et 5,6% \ue9taient post
terme. L'\ue2ge moyen et la parit\ue9 des m\ue8res avec des
grossesses \ue0 terme \ue9taient 29,2 ans, et 3,2 respectivement.
Des m\ue8res post termes avaient un \ue2ge moyen et une parit\ue9
de 32,7 ans et 3,8 respectivement. Morbidit\ue9 maternelle comprend
augmentation d'accouchement c\ue9sarien, et traumatisme vaginal.
(\uc9pisiotomies, d\ue9chirures et des blessures l\ue9g\ue8res)
dans les deux groupes. La c\ue9sarienne \ue9tait la m\ue9thode
d'accouchement en 31.3% des post termes et 27,6% des enfants \ue0
terme, tandis que l'indication pour la c\ue9sarienne \ue9tait
c\ue9phatopelvien dispropotionel en 80% et 87,3% pour des enfants
post termes et \ue0 terme respectivement. Complications foetales
\ue9taient la naissance asphyxie et mort \ue0 la naissance. Il n'y
avait aucune abnormalit\ue9 foetale grave not\ue9e dans la
s\ue9rie. Taux de mort \ue0 terme et enfants n\ue9s \ue0 post
terme respectivement. Conclusion : Grossesses post termes constituent
des b\ue9b\ue9es macrosomique dans notre centre. Ceci provoque une
augmentation de risque pour des m\ue8res et foetus. Un diagnostique
pr\ue9coce, surveillance d'intrapatum foetal et recours au
accouchement \ue0 travers l'intervention chirurgicale pourrait
am\ue9liorer le r\ue9sultat foetal chez ces enfants
Incidence of and socio-biologic risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth in HIV positive Nigerian women
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have identified HIV as a leading contributor to preterm delivery and its associated morbidity and mortality. However little or no information exists in our sub-region on this subject. Identifying the factors associated with preterm delivery in HIV positive women in our country and sub-region will not only prevent mother to child transmission of HIV virus but will also reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with prematurity and low birth weight. This study was designed to determine the incidence and risk factors for preterm delivery in HIV positive Nigerians. METHOD: The required data for this retrospective study was extracted from the data base of a cohort study of the outcome of prevention of mother to child transmission at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. Only data of women that met the eligibility of spontaneous delivery after 20 weeks of gestation were included. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institution’s Ethical Review Board. RESULTS: 181 women out of the 1626 eligible for inclusion into the study had spontaneous preterm delivery (11.1%). The mean birth weight was 3.1 ± 0.4 kg, with 10.3% having LBW. Spontaneous preterm delivery was found to be significantly associated with unmarried status (cOR: 1.7;1.52-2.57), baseline CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3)(cOR: 1.8; 1.16-2.99), presence of opportunistic infection at delivery (cOR: 2.2;1.23-3.57), multiple pregnancy (cOR 10.4; 4.24 – 26.17), use of PI based triple ARV therapy (eOR 10.2; 5.52 – 18.8) in the first trimester (cOR 2.5; 1.77 – 3.52) on univariate analysis. However after multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounding variables including low birth weight, only multiple pregnancy (aOR: 8.6; CI: 6.73 – 12.9), presence of opportunistic infection at delivery (aOR: 1.9; CI: 1.1 – 5.7), and 1st trimester exposure to PI based triple therapy (aOR: 5.4; CI: 3.4 – 7.8) retained their significant association with preterm delivery. CONCLUSION: The spontaneous preterm delivery rate among our cohort was 11.1%. HIV positive women with multiple pregnancies, symptomatic HIV infection at delivery and first trimester fetal exposure to PI based triple therapy were found to be at risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Early booking and non-use of PI based triple therapy in the first trimester will significantly reduce the risk of preterm delivery
Molecular Characterization of the Circulating Strains of Vibrio cholerae during 2010 Cholera Outbreak in Nigeria
This study aimed at characterizing the phenotypic and toxigenic status
of circulating strains of cholera during outbreaks in Nigeria,
employing molecular typing techniques. Two hundred and one samples of
rectal swabs, stool, vomitus, water (from the well, borehole, sachet,
stream, and tap) and disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite) were collected
from three states in the country. The samples were inoculated on
thiosulphate-citrate bile salt-sucrose (TCBS), Cary-Blair transport
medium and smeared on glass slides for direct examination. The Vibrio
cholerae isolates were serotyped, biotyped, and characterized using
PCR of the cytotoxin gene A (ctxA), wbeO1, and wbfO139 gene primer. Of
the 201 samples screened, 96 were positive for V. cholerae O1 (48%),
with 69 (72%) positive for ctxA gene. The results from this study
showed that the circulating strains of cholera in Nigeria were of Ogawa
serotype, also observed in other outbreaks in Nigeria (1991, 1992, and
1996). However, the strains were of the Classical biotype and were
mainly (72%) ctxA gene-positive. This current investigation has
confirmed the production of cholera toxin by the circulating strains,
and this could be harnessed for possible cholera vaccine production in
Nigeria
Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENT
We present results of several measurements of CsI[Na] scintillation response
to 3-60 keV energy nuclear recoils performed by the COHERENT collaboration
using tagged neutron elastic scattering experiments and an endpoint technique.
Earlier results, used to estimate the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus
scattering (CEvNS) event rate for the first observation of this process
achieved by COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), have been
reassessed. We discuss corrections for the identified systematic effects and
update the respective uncertainty values. The impact of updated results on
future precision tests of CEvNS is estimated. We scrutinize potential
systematic effects that could affect each measurement. In particular we confirm
the response of the H11934-200 Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube (PMT) used for
the measurements presented in this study to be linear in the relevant signal
scale region.Comment: The version accepted by JINST. The changes made as a result of the
peer review process: 1. Section 8 "Global CsI[Na] QF data fit" is expanded.
The main fit result and its uncertainty is NOT CHANGED. An alternative fit is
now shown in Figure 14, Figure 15 is added to further validate the
assumptions in the main fit. 2. The Appendix B is restructured for clarit
Monitoring the SNS basement neutron background with the MARS detector
We present the analysis and results of the first dataset collected with the
MARS neutron detector deployed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation
Neutron Source (SNS) for the purpose of monitoring and characterizing the
beam-related neutron (BRN) background for the COHERENT collaboration. MARS was
positioned next to the COH-CsI coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
detector in the SNS basement corridor. This is the basement location of closest
proximity to the SNS target and thus, of highest neutrino flux, but it is also
well shielded from the BRN flux by infill concrete and gravel. These data show
the detector registered roughly one BRN per day. Using MARS' measured detection
efficiency, the incoming BRN flux is estimated to be
for neutron energies
above ~MeV and up to a few tens of MeV. We compare our results with
previous BRN measurements in the SNS basement corridor reported by other
neutron detectors.Comment: Submitted to JINS
COHERENT Collaboration data release from the measurements of CsI[Na] response to nuclear recoils
Description of the data release 10.13139/OLCF/1969085
(https://doi.ccs.ornl.gov/ui/doi/426) from the measurements of the CsI[Na]
response to low energy nuclear recoils by the COHERENT collaboration. The
release corresponds to the results published in "D. Akimov et al 2022 JINST 17
P10034". We share the data in the form of raw ADC waveforms, provide benchmark
values, and share plots to enhance the transparency and reproducibility of our
results. This document describes the contents of the data release as well as
guidance on the use of the data
First Probe of Sub-GeV Dark Matter Beyond the Cosmological Expectation with the COHERENT CsI Detector at the SNS
The COHERENT collaboration searched for scalar dark matter particles produced
at the Spallation Neutron Source with masses between 1 and 220~MeV/c using
a CsI[Na] scintillation detector sensitive to nuclear recoils above
9~keV. No evidence for dark matter is found and we thus place
limits on allowed parameter space. With this low-threshold detector, we are
sensitive to coherent elastic scattering between dark matter and nuclei. The
cross section for this process is orders of magnitude higher than for other
processes historically used for accelerator-based direct-detection searches so
that our small, 14.6~kg detector significantly improves on past constraints. At
peak sensitivity, we reject the flux consistent with the cosmologically
observed dark-matter concentration for all coupling constants ,
assuming a scalar dark-matter particle. We also calculate the sensitivity of
future COHERENT detectors to dark-matter signals which will ambitiously test
multiple dark-matter spin scenarios
Measurement of Pb(,X) production with a stopped-pion neutrino source
Using neutrinos produced at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL), the COHERENT collaboration has studied the
Pb(,X) process with a lead neutrino-induced-neutron (NIN) detector.
Data from this detector are fit jointly with previously collected COHERENT data
on this process. A combined analysis of the two datasets yields a cross section
that is times that predicted by the MARLEY event
generator using experimentally-measured Gamow-Teller strength distributions,
consistent with no NIN events at 1.8. This is the first inelastic
neutrino-nucleus process COHERENT has studied, among several planned exploiting
the high flux of low-energy neutrinos produced at the SNS.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, version accepted by Phys. Rev.