Hepatic p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK protein expressions from sham-operated animals receiving vehicle (Sham+Veh; lane 1) or osthole (Sham+Ost; lane 2), trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving vehicle (T-H+Veh; lane 3), osthole (T-H+Ost; lane 4), osthole and SB-203580 (T-H+Ost+SB; lane 5) or SB-203580 (T-H+SB; lane 6).

<p>Blots were reprobed for GAPDH as a control for equal protein loading in all lanes. The bands were analyzed using densitometry, and the values are presented as mean ± SEM for 8 rats in each group. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 versus all other groups.</p

Effect of osthole treatment on plasma AST (A) and ALT (B) in rats at 24 hours after sham operation (Sham) or trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T-H).

<p>Animals were treated with either vehicle (Veh), osthole (Ost), osthole in combination with SB-203580 (Ost+SB) or SB-203580 (SB). Data are shown as mean ± SEM of 8 rats in each group. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 compared to Sham; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared to T-H+Veh, T-H+Ost+SB and T-H+SB.</p

Effect of tropisetron treatment on hepatic CINC- 1 (A) and CINC-3 (B) levels in rats after sham operation (Sham) or trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T–H).

<p>Animals were treated with vehicle (Veh), tropisetron (TP), tropisetron in combination with SB-203580 (TP+S), SB-203580 (S), tropisetron in combination with chromium-mesoporphyrin (TP+C), or chromium-mesoporphyrin (C). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM; n = 8 rats in each group. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared with T–H+Veh, T–H+TP+S, T–H+S, T–H+TP+C, and T–H+C.</p

Effect of astringinin treatment on hepatic IL-6 levels in rats after sham operation (Sham) or trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T-H).

<p>Animals were treated with vehicle (Veh), astringinin (Ast), astringinin in combination with wortmannin (Ast+W), wortmannin (W), astringinin in combination with chromium-mesoporphyrin (Ast+C), or chromium-mesoporphyrin (C). Data are shown as mean ± SEM; n = 8 rats in each group. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared with T-H+Veh, T-H+Ast+W, T-H+W, T-H+Ast+C, and T-H+C.</p

Representative histological photomicrographs of liver of sham animals receiving vehicle (A), sham animals receiving tropisetron (B), trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving vehicle (C), trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving tropisetron (D), trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving tropisetron and SB-203580 (E), trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving SB-203580, (F), trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving tropisetron and chromium-mesoporphyrin (G), and trauma-hemorrhage animals receiving chromium-mesoporphyrin (H).

<p>Animals were killed 24 h after sham operation or trauma-hemorrhage with resuscitation. Liver were removed and processed as described in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053203#s2" target="_blank">Methods</a>. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, examined at an original magnification X200, and photographed.</p

Effect of tropisetron treatment on hepatic IL-6 (A), TNF-α (B), and MIP-1α (C) levels in rats after sham operation (Sham) or trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T–H).

<p>Animals were treated with vehicle (Veh), tropisetron (TP), tropisetron in combination with SB-203580 (TP+S), SB-203580 (S), tropisetron in combination with chromium-mesoporphyrin (TP+C), or chromium-mesoporphyrin (C). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM; n = 8 rats in each group. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared with T–H+Veh, T–H+TP+S, T–H+S, T–H+TP+C, and T–H+C.</p

Effect of astringinin treatment on plasma AST (A) and ALT (B) in rats after sham operation (Sham) or trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T-H).

<p>Animals were treated with vehicle (Veh), astringinin (Ast), astringinin in combination with wortmannin (Ast+W), wortmannin (W), astringinin in combination with chromium-mesoporphyrin (Ast+C), or chromium-mesoporphyrin (C). Data are shown as mean ± SEM; n = 8 rats in each group. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared with T-H+Veh, T-H+Ast+W, T-H+W, T-H+Ast+C, and T-H+C.</p

Hepatic p-Akt and Akt protein expressions from shams receiving vehicle (Sham+Veh; lane 1) or astringinin (Sham+Ast; lane 2), trauma-hemorrhage receiving vehicle (T-H+Veh; lane 3), astringinin (T-H+Ast; lane 4), astringinin and wortmannin (T-H+Ast+W; lane 5) or wortmannin (T-H+W; lane 6).

<p>Blots were reprobed for GAPDH for equal protein loading in various lanes. The bands were analyzed using densitometry and the values are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 5 rats per group. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 versus all other groups.</p

Effect of astringinin treatment on hepatic CINC- 1 (A) and CINC-3 (B) levels in rats after sham operation (Sham) or trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T-H).

<p>Animals were treated with vehicle (Veh), astringinin (Ast), astringinin in combination with wortmannin (Ast+W), wortmannin (W), astringinin in combination with chromium-mesoporphyrin (Ast+C), or chromium-mesoporphyrin (C). Data are shown as mean ± SEM; n = 8 rats in each group. ^*<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared with T-H+Veh, T-H+Ast+W, T-H+W, T-H+Ast+C, and T-H+C.</p

Hepatic p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK protein expression from sham animals receiving vehicle (Sham+Veh; lane 1) or tropisetron (Sham+TP; lane 2), trauma-hemorrhage receiving vehicle (T–H+Veh; lane 3), tropisetron (T–H+TP; lane 4), tropisetron and SB-203580 (T–H+TP+S; lane 5) or SB-203580 (T–H+S; lane 6).

<p>Blots were reprobed for GAPDH to determine equal protein loading in the various lanes. The bands were analyzed using densitometry, and the values are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 8 rats per group. *<i>p</i><0.05 versus sham and T–H+TP.</p