16 research outputs found
Electrical switching of magnetic order in an orbital Chern insulator
Magnetism typically arises from the joint effect of Fermi statistics and
repulsive Coulomb interactions, which favors ground states with non-zero
electron spin. As a result, controlling spin magnetism with electric fields---a
longstanding technological goal in spintronics and multiferroics---can be
achieved only indirectly. Here, we experimentally demonstrate direct electric
field control of magnetic states in an orbital Chern insulator, a magnetic
system in which non-trivial band topology favors long range order of orbital
angular momentum but the spins are thought to remain disordered. We use van der
Waals heterostructures consisting of a graphene monolayer rotationally faulted
with respect to a Bernal-stacked bilayer to realize narrow and topologically
nontrivial valley-projected moir\'e minibands. At fillings of one and three
electrons per moir\'e unit cell within these bands, we observe quantized
anomalous Hall effects with transverse resistance approximately equal to
, which is indicative of spontaneous polarization of the system into a
single-valley-projected band with a Chern number equal to two. At a filling of
three electrons per moir\'e unit cell, we find that the sign of the quantum
anomalous Hall effect can be reversed via field-effect control of the chemical
potential; moreover, this transition is hysteretic, which we use to demonstrate
nonvolatile electric field induced reversal of the magnetic state. A
theoretical analysis indicates that the effect arises from the topological edge
states, which drive a change in sign of the magnetization and thus a reversal
in the favored magnetic state. Voltage control of magnetic states can be used
to electrically pattern nonvolatile magnetic domain structures hosting chiral
edge states, with applications ranging from reconfigurable microwave circuit
elements to ultralow power magnetic memory.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figure
Recommended from our members
Electrical switching of magnetic order in an orbital Chern insulator
Magnetism typically arises from the joint effect of Fermi statistics and repulsive Coulomb interactions, which favors ground states with non-zero electron spin. As a result, controlling spin magnetism with electric fields---a longstanding technological goal in spintronics and multiferroics---can be achieved only indirectly. Here, we experimentally demonstrate direct electric field control of magnetic states in an orbital Chern insulator, a magnetic system in which non-trivial band topology favors long range order of orbital angular momentum but the spins are thought to remain disordered. We use van der Waals heterostructures consisting of a graphene monolayer rotationally faulted with respect to a Bernal-stacked bilayer to realize narrow and topologically nontrivial valley-projected moiré minibands. At fillings of one and three electrons per moiré unit cell within these bands, we observe quantized anomalous Hall effects with transverse resistance approximately equal to h/2e2, which is indicative of spontaneous polarization of the system into a single-valley-projected band with a Chern number equal to two. At a filling of three electrons per moiré unit cell, we find that the sign of the quantum anomalous Hall effect can be reversed via field-effect control of the chemical potential; moreover, this transition is hysteretic, which we use to demonstrate nonvolatile electric field induced reversal of the magnetic state. A theoretical analysis indicates that the effect arises from the topological edge states, which drive a change in sign of the magnetization and thus a reversal in the favored magnetic state. Voltage control of magnetic states can be used to electrically pattern nonvolatile magnetic domain structures hosting chiral edge states, with applications ranging from reconfigurable microwave circuit elements to ultralow power magnetic memory.Work at UCSB was
primarily supported by the ARO under MURI W911NF-
16-1-0361. Measurements of twisted bilayer graphene
(Extended Data Fig. E8) and measurements at elevated
temperatures (Extended Data Fig. E3) were supported
by a SEED grant and made use of shared facilities of the
UCSB MRSEC (NSF DMR 1720256), a member of the
Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org).
AFY acknowledges the support of the David and Lu-
cille Packard Foundation under award 2016-65145. AHM
and JZ were supported by the National Science Founda-
tion through the Center for Dynamics and Control of
8
Materials, an NSF MRSEC under Cooperative Agree-
ment No. DMR-1720595, and by the Welch Founda-
tion under grant TBF1473. CLT acknowledges support
from the Hertz Foundation and from the National Sci-
ence Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
under grant 1650114. KW and TT acknowledge sup-
port from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by
the MEXT, Japan, Grant Number JPMXP0112101001,
JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20H00354 and the
CREST(JPMJCR15F3), JST.Center for Dynamics and Control of Material
Recommended from our members
Perception of Treatment Success and Impact on Function with Antibiotics or Appendectomy for Appendicitis
ObjectiveTo compare secondary patient reported outcomes of perceptions of treatment success and function for patients treated for appendicitis with appendectomy vs. antibiotics at 30 days.Summary background dataThe Comparison of Outcomes of antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy trial found antibiotics noninferior to appendectomy based on 30-day health status. To address questions about outcomes among participants with lower socioeconomic status, we explored the relationship of sociodemographic and clinical factors and outcomes.MethodsWe focused on 4 patient reported outcomes at 30 days: high decisional regret, dissatisfaction with treatment, problems performing usual activities, and missing >10 days of work. The randomized (RCT) and observational cohorts were pooled for exploration of baseline factors. The RCT cohort alone was used for comparison of treatments. Logistic regression was used to assess associations.ResultsThe pooled cohort contained 2062 participants; 1552 from the RCT. Overall, regret and dissatisfaction were low whereas problems with usual activities and prolonged missed work occurred more frequently. In the RCT, those assigned to antibiotics had more regret (Odd ratios (OR) 2.97, 95% Confidence intervals (CI) 2.05-4.31) and dissatisfaction (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.25-3.12), and reported less missed work (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.27-0.56). Factors associated with function outcomes included sociodemographic and clinical variables for both treatment arms. Fewer factors were associated with dissatisfaction and regret.ConclusionsOverall, participants reported high satisfaction, low regret, and were frequently able to resume usual activities and return to work. When comparing treatments for appendicitis, no single measure defines success or failure for all people. The reported data may inform discussions regarding the most appropriate treatment for individuals.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02800785
SiD Letter of Intent
Letter of intent describing SiD (Silicon Detector) for consideration by the International Linear Collider IDAG panel. This detector concept is founded on the use of silicon detectors for vertexing, tracking, and electromagnetic calorimetry. The detector has been cost-optimized as a general-purpose detector for a 500 GeV electron-positron linear collider.Letter of intent describing SiD (Silicon Detector) for consideration by the International Linear Collider IDAG panel. This detector concept is founded on the use of silicon detectors for vertexing, tracking, and electromagnetic calorimetry. The detector has been cost-optimized as a general-purpose detector for a 500 GeV electron-positron linear collider