The Problem of Water and Sanitation on the Example of India and Russia

Despite the efforts of the United Nations General Assembly to promote sustainability as a vehicle of resource management and tackle social inequalities through the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the challenges remain. Therefore, the need to solve the fundamental problem of life “water-energy-food” (henceforth WEF) creates the basis for an integrated approach to eliminating the obstacles that arise on the path of sustainable life evolution on Earth. The WEF concept based on a socio-ecological systemic approach is a platform for the most rational approach to solving complex problems and adapting to climate change. At the same time it contributes to regional economic development. Taking examples from India and Russia, this commentary aims to highlight the challenges of water and sanitation of the world

Polarization-sensitive absorption of THz radiation by interacting electrons in chirally stacked multilayer graphene

We show that opacity of a clean multilayer graphene flake depends on the helicity of the circular polarized electromagnetic radiation. The effect can be understood in terms of the pseudospin selection rules for the interband optical transitions in the presence of exchange electron-electron interactions which alter the pseudospin texture in momentum space. The interactions described within a semi-analytical Hartree--Fock approach lead to the formation of the topologically different broken--symmetry states characterized by Chern numbers and zero-field anomalous Hall conductivities.Comment: 6 pages, final versio

Роль метаболического синдрома на течение и исход нпвп-гастропатии

Metabolic syndrome is a significant global problem. Many of these patients have to take NSAIDs for a long time as a baseline treatment for associated diseases, the side effects of which on the gastric mucosa known to many specialists. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of metabolic syndrome in the course and outcome of NSAID-gastropathy. Selected 84 patients from 44 to 69 years, divided into 3 groups: 1 group - 31 people with NSAID-gastropathy and MS, 2 group - 24 people with NSAID-gastropathy and without MS, 3 group - 33 patients with MS, taking NSAIDs without NSAID gastropathy. Clinical and anamnestic data were determined, anthropometric parameters were assessed, the biochemical blood test was performed to determine the lipid spectrum, fasting capillary blood glucose level and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) – before and 4 weeks after therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for all subjects.Data processing performed using the software package Excel, Annova and Statistica 10.The process of GM erosions healing in subjects with MS and NSAID-gastropathy takes a longer period. The dominant factors in the development of erosive lesions are the levels of HDL cholesterol, degree of hypertension and H. pylori infection. Duration of treatment is mainly influenced by LDL cholesterol levels, TG and TH levels, and the degree of AH. Conclusions. MS makes a negative contribution during NSAID gastropathy.El síndrome metabólico (EM) es un problema importante de salud pública comparable a una pandemia no transmisible. Su combinación frecuente con enfermedad coronaria (CHD) y osteoartritis dictamina la necesidad durante mucho tiempo de recetar medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), que pueden estar acompañados por el desarrollo de daño ulcerativo erosivo en el tracto gastrointestinal. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el papel de la EM en el curso y el resultado de la gastropatía por AINE. Material y métodos. En dinámica, se examinaron 84 pacientes con angina de pecho IIFK de 44 a 69 años, que recibieron preparaciones de ácido acetilsalicílico, divididos en 3 grupos: grupo 1 - 31 personas con gastropatía por AINE en combinación con EM; Grupo 2: 24 personas con AINE-gastropatía sin EM; Grupo 3: 33 pacientes con EM en combinación con gastritis crónica, que toman AINE sin el desarrollo de lesiones erosivas y ulcerosas del estómago. Los pacientes fueron examinados en dinámica durante un mes. Los pacientes del primer y segundo grupo con gastropatía por AINE y el tercer grupo con gastritis crónica recibieron inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) en una dosis diaria de 20 mg durante un mes. En ausencia de epitelización de la erosión durante meses, el tratamiento con IBP se prolongó por otras 4 semanas. Resultados Los resultados de un examen endoscópico realizado un mes después mostraron que solo 10 de 31 personas mostraron curación completa de la erosión en el primer grupo, en el segundo grupo, de 24 en 24. Se pudo concluir que la presencia de hipertensión debe atribuirse a la manifestación de gastropatía por AINE, nivel bajo Infección por HDL y H. pylori.Введение. Метаболический синдром (МС) представляет собой существенную проблему дляздравоохранения, сопоставимую с неинфекционной пандемией. Частое его сочетание с ишемической болезнью сердца(ИБС) и остеоартрозом диктует необходимостьв течение длительного времени назначать нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП), что может сопровождаться развитием эрозивно-язвенного повреждения желудочно-кишечного тракта.   Целью работы было определение ролиМС в течении и исходе НПВП-гастропатии. Материал и методы. Материалы и методы. В динамике обследовано 84 пациентасо стенокардией напряжения IIФК в возрасте от 44 до 69 лет, получающие препараты ацетилсалициловой кислоты.Больные были разделенные на 3 группы: 1-я группа – 31 человек с НПВП-гастропатиейв сочетании с МС; 2-я группа – 24 человека с НПВП-гастропатиейбез МС; 3 группа – 33 пациента с МС в сочетании с хроническим гастритом, принимающие НПВП без развития эрозивно-язвенных повреждений желудка. Больные обследованы в динамикена протяжении месяца.Пациенты 1-й и 2-й группы с НПВП-гастропатией и 3-й группы с хроническим гастритом получали ингибиторы протонной помпы (ИПП) в суточной дозе 20 мг в течение месяца.При отсутствии эпителизации эрозий в течение месяца лечение ИПП пролонгировали еще на 4 недели. Результаты. Результаты эндоскопического исследования, проведенные через месяц показали, что в 1-йгруппе только у 10 из 31 человекаотмечалось полное заживление эрозий;во 2-й- у 19 - из 24. Выводы.К способствующим манифестации НПВП-гастропатии следует относить наличие АГ, низкий уровень ЛПВП, и инфицированность H.pylori. &nbsp

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of DNA Extracted from the Vegetative Forms and the Viable but Nonculturable Forms of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Recent studies show that mycoplasmas have various programs of life. This means that changes in morphology and genome expression may occur once the environment of these microorganisms becomes extremely altered. In this article, we report on changes in the DNA molecule obtained from the vegetative forms and the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) forms of Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6. Atomic force microscopy studies show that the above-mentioned forms of the mycoplasma have different values of DNA parameters (height: 0.461 ± 0.141 and 0.236 ± 0.069 nm; width: 2.221 ± 0.286 and 1.291 ± 0.705 nm for the vegetative and the VBNC forms, respectively). We suppose that the observed phenomenon may be connected with the process of adaptation of these bacteria to severe environments

Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of DNA Extracted from the Vegetative Cells and the Viable, but Nonculturable, Cells of Two Mycoplasmas ( Acholeplasma laidlawii

This article reports on a study of some characteristics of DNA extracted from the vegetative and viable, but nonculturable (VBNC), cells of two mycoplasma species (Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 and Mycoplasma hominis PG37) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). DNA images were obtained by operating the AFM microscope in the tapping mode. It was found that DNA from the VBNC forms of M. hominis PG37 has decreased sizes (height: 0.177 ± 0.026 nm vs. 0.391 ± 0.041 nm for the vegetative forms, and width: 1.92 ± 0.099 vs. 2.17 ± 0.156 nm for the vegetative forms) in comparison to DNA from the vegetative forms of the mycoplasma. In the case of DNA from the A. laidlawii PG8 VBNC forms, we detected a decrease in width (1.506 ± 0.076 nm vs. 1.898 ± 0.117 nm for the vegetative forms), but an increase in height (0.641 ± 0.068 nm vs. 0.255 ± 0.010 nm for the vegetative forms) of the molecule. Analyzing the obtained results, one can speculate on some similarities in the physical-chemical properties of DNA from M. hominis PG37 and M. gallisepticum S6. In turn, this implies some general mechanisms of adaptation to a severe environment

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Acholeplasma laidlawii

Extracellular vesicle production is believed to be a ubiquitous process in bacteria, but the data on such a process in Mollicutes are absent. We report the isolation of ultramicroforms – extracellular vesicles from supernatants of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 (ubiquitous mycoplasma; the main contaminant of cell culture). Considering sizes, morphology, and ultrastructural organization, the ultramicroforms of A. laidlawii PG8 are similar to membrane vesicles of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We demonstrate that A. laidlawii PG8 vesicles contain genetic material and proteins, and are mutagenic to lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. We show that Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6, the other mycoplasma, also produce similar structures, which suggests that shedding of the vesicles might be the common phenomenon in Mollicutes. We found that the action of stress conditions results in the intensive formation of ultramicroforms in mycoplasmas. The role of vesicular formation in mycoplasmas remains to be studied