Prioritizing urban sustainability solutions: Coordinated approaches must incorporate scale-dependent built environment induced effects

10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/061001Environmental Research Letters1066100

Historical archaeology of the Hannibalic invasion of Italia: technical applications

Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States (CC BY-NC 3.0 US) appliesPrevious attempts to plot the exact invasion route of the Punic army in 218 B.c. have been limited, with one excep- tion (de Beer 1967, 1969), to analysis of topography and previous historical arguments based on the interpretation of classical texts written by Polybius and livy. eliciting environmental information from classical literature led to a focus on environmental landmarks, including the rockfall that blocked the army on the lee side of the alps, a firing event described by livy, and the regrouping area where the army rested after conflict with the gauls and the trek over a major col of passage into italia.The use of various scientific methods to analyze these three major sites/events has led to a conclusive identification of the invasion route, and sites of interest to geoarchaeologistsYe