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Spatio-temporal interference of photo electron wave packets and time scale of non-adiabatic transition in high-frequency regime
The method of the envelope Hamiltonian [K. Toyota, U. Saalmann, and J. M.
Rost, New J. Phys. {\bf 17}, 073005~(2015)] is applied to further study a
detachment dynamics of a model negative ion in one-dimension in high-frequency
regime. This method is based on the Floquet approach, but the time-dependency
of an envelope function is explicitly kept for arbitrary pulse durations.
Therefore, it is capable of describing not only a photo absorption/emission but
also a non-adiabatic transition which is induced by the time-varying envelope
of the pulse. It was shown that the envelope Hamiltonian accurately retrieves
the results obtained by the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, and
underlying physics were well understood by the adiabatic approximation based on
the envelope Hamiltonian. In this paper, we further explore two more aspects of
the detachment dynamics, which were not done in our previous work. First, we
find out features of both a {\it spatial} and {\it temporal} interference of
photo electron wave packets in a photo absorption process. We conclude that
both the interference mechanisms are universal in ionization dynamics in
high-frequency regime. To our knowledge, it is first time that both the
interference mechanisms in high-frequency regime are extracted from the first
principle. Second, we extract a pulse duration which maximize a yield of the
non-adiabatic transition as a function of a pulse duration. It is shown that it
becomes maximum when the pulse duration is comparable to a time-scale of an
electron
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