Investigating the Affecting Factors on Mobile Games Purchase Intention: An Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM)

As a proper example of cultural technologies, digital games have been under a vast range of studies. In addition, the daily growth in the market and production of games have turned them into a huge industry. In the meantime, Mobile platform gained the largest amount of the growth in revenue. As there is an extending revenue in Mobile platform, it is important to understand game audiences' preferences & tastes for developing mobile games into an even bigger industry. Therefore, in this article, the technology-based Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) is developed to investigate the affecting factors on mobile games' purchase intention. The model explains when gamers face an in-app purchase, free to play mobile game, they try to compare their perceptions with their expectations and when the confirmation of the expectations happens, a mix of values including monetary, performance, emotional, social, and innovation values will be perceived, which they lead to satisfaction and purchase intention. In addition, this study has investigated the effects of habit, trust, free alternatives, and online reviews on purchase intention. For this purpose, an online survey has been implemented for the players of "Clash of Clans" and a sample size of 766 people made it possible to test the hypotheses in both 95 and 99 confidence levels. The results show that perceived value for money, emotional perceived value, trust, and habit have a positive effect on purchase intention of mobile games. On the contrary, no relations have been identified between satisfaction, free alternatives, and online reviews with PI

Cloud Point Extraction of Palladium as Chelate with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol Using Triton X-114 Prior to Determination in Real Samples by ETAAS

A pre-concentration and determination methodology for palladium in real samples at ultra-trace levels by 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) was developed. The analyte in the initial aqueous solution, acidified with HCl, was complexed with PAN and Triton X-114 was added as a surfactant. The surfactant-rich phase was diluted with concentrated HNO3 (65%, w/w) after phase separation. Then, the concentrations of analyte were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). The variables affecting the complexation and extraction steps were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, namely a pH of 4.5, a cloud point temperature of 55 °C, the concentration of PAN of 1.2×10-4 mol l-1, 0.1% (W/V) Triton X-114, a sample volume of 1.0 ml, (centrifuged at 3500 rpm) an enhancement factor of 26-fold was reached. Triton X-114 allowed the detection limit of 0.01 ng ml−1 of Pd. The precision measured as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for 10 replicate determinations at 10.0 μg l−1 Pd was 2.5%. Analytical graphs were rectilinear in the concentration range of 3-200 μg l−1 and relative standard deviations were lower than 5%. The method affords recoveries in the range of 97 to 101%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Pd in dust, drinking water, and rainwater samples

Synergistic extraction of some divalent metal cations with 3-phenyl-4-benzoylisoxazol-5-one and P=O donor ligands in chloroform

The synergistic extraction of some divalent cations (Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn) in chloroform, with 3-phenyl-4-benzoylisoxazol-5-one (HPBI) in the presence of various synergistic agents: trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), octyl(phenyl) (N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide (CMPO) and bis(diphenylphosphinyl)methane (BDPPM) has been studied. It is compared with the extraction in toluene. Due to various factors (e.g. extractant-diluent or extractant-synergist interactions), the stoichiometry of the extracted species, the selectivity and the magnitude of the synergism depend on the diluent and on the synergist. In chloroform, the extraction with HPBI and TOPO follows the order Cu $>$ Zn $>$ Mn $>$ Cd (Mn $>$ Zn in toluene). In chloroform, the synergistic extraction of cadmium follows the order BDPPM $>$ CMPO $>$ TOPO (TOPO $>$ CMPO in toluene). The formation constants of Cd(PBI)$^+$ and Cd(PBI)$_2$ in aqueous medium have been evaluated

Finding weighted positive influence dominating set to make impact to negatives: a study on online social networks in the new millennium

In the new millennium, information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as the internet and mobile phones have been developed rapidly. These new technologies have changed people's communication patterns and provided new ways of maintaining online social networks which play ever-important roles in shaping the behavior of users on the web in the new millennium. ICTs also offer new computational models and data to investigate the dynamics and structure of exploiting the relationships and influences among individuals in online social networks. As an example, users on Wikipedia can vote for or against the nomination of others to adminship; users on Epinions can express trust or distrust of others. These facts illustrate that the relationship among the users of online social networks can be either positive or negative. The chapter will investigate negative as well as positive relationships of users in online social networks. We will focus on a novel dominating set named Weighted Positive Influence Dominating Set (WPIDS) problem arising from some social problems