Stay for the children? Husband violence, marital stability, and children's behavior problems

Much research has argued for the existence of a marriage benefit to men, women, and children. Although the commonly suggested current response to a husband's violence has been for the couple to separate, traditionally women were often told to "stay for the children." This paper uses the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods longitudinal data to examine the relationships among marital stability, husband violence, and children's behavior problems. Among married mothers who reported husband violence at time 1 (N= 414), the negative relationship between child behavior problems and remaining in the marriage dissipated when selection bias and husband violence recidivism were controlled. © 2009 National Council on Family Relations.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Additional file 16: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

List of the genes which exhibited higher expression levels in FA group relative to CD group. Table also includes identifiers such as probe name, PrimaryAccession ID, GeneSymbol, Gene ontology (GO), Gene description, chromosome number, P value in Tukey’s multiple comparison test adjusted by FDR, and mean fold change of expression level. (CSV 27 kb

Additional file 2: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

Figure S1. Body-weight changes in progeny. (A) Body weight of progeny immediately after delivery with caesarean section is shown. Number of subjects: CD, 9; PR, 6; FA, 5. Female neonates were used. (B) Body weight of progeny at 4 to 12 weeks of age is shown. Number of subjects: CD, 10; PR, 10; FA, 7. Male mice were used. Data represent the mean Âą SEM. (TIF 147 kb

Additional file 13: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

List of genes that exhibited lower expression level in PR group relative to CD group in adult brain. Table also includes identifiers such as probe name, PrimaryAccession ID, GeneSymbol, Gene ontology (GO), Gene description, chromosome number, P value in Tukey’s multiple comparison test adjusted by FDR, and mean fold change of expression level. (CSV 11 kb

Additional file 1: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

Values of the statistical analysis. (PDF 155 kb

Additional file 4: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

Figure S2. Light/dark transition test. (A) The number of transition between the light and dark chambers. (B) Time spent in light chamber. (C) Total distance traveled. (A-C) Number of subjects: CD, 10; PR, 10; FA, 7. Data represent the mean Âą SEM. (TIF 179 kb

Additional file 5: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

Figure S3. Results of fear conditioning test. (A) Freezing responses pre- and post-training with three tone-shock pairs in box A. Pre-train indicates the freezing levels in box A (the shocking chamber) before the onset of training. Context indicates the freezing level after training. (B) Freezing responses with no tone and during tone in box B. (A, B) Number of subjects: CD, 6; PR, 10; FA, 7; Data represent the mean Âą SEM. (TIF 125 kb