Change in F per 10-μg/m increase in PM () in subjects not prescribed ICS and () in subjects prescribed ICS therapy

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma and Short-Term PM Exposure in Seattle"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(12):1791-1794.</p><p>Published online 8 Aug 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1314923.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p> TEOM readings were averaged from three central sites (Lynnwood, Lake Forest Park, and Kent) for hourly lags from 1 to 48. Model adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, and age. One-hour averaged PM concentrations ranged from 8.3 μg/m at 3-hr lag to 15.2 at 8-hr lag, suggesting that short time-lag periods rather than peak values may determine this health outcome. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals

Change in F per 10-μg/m increase in PM in subjects not prescribed ICS therapy

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma and Short-Term PM Exposure in Seattle"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(12):1791-1794.</p><p>Published online 8 Aug 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1314923.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p> TEOM readings averaged from three sites using GEE model. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals

Neighborhood-Scale Spatial Models of Diesel Exhaust Concentration Profile Using 1‑Nitropyrene and Other Nitroarenes

With emerging evidence that diesel exhaust exposure poses distinct risks to human health, the need for fine-scale models of diesel exhaust pollutants is growing. We modeled the spatial distribution of several nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) to identify fine-scale gradients in diesel exhaust pollution in two Seattle, WA neighborhoods. Our modeling approach fused land-use regression, meteorological dispersion modeling, and pollutant monitoring from both fixed and mobile platforms. We applied these modeling techniques to concentrations of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), a highly specific diesel exhaust marker, at the neighborhood scale. We developed models of two additional nitroarenes present in secondary organic aerosol: 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene. Summer predictors of 1-NP, including distance to railroad, truck emissions, and mobile black carbon measurements, showed a greater specificity to diesel sources than predictors of other NPAHs. Winter sampling results did not yield stable models, likely due to regional mixing of pollutants in turbulent weather conditions. The model of summer 1-NP had an R² of 0.87 and cross-validated R² of 0.73. The synthesis of high-density sampling and hybrid modeling was successful in predicting diesel exhaust pollution at a very fine scale and identifying clear gradients in NPAH concentrations within urban neighborhoods

Pulmonary Effects of Indoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles in Children with Asthma-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Pulmonary Effects of Indoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles in Children with Asthma"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(4):499-503.</p><p>Published online 10 Jan 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1278493.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p

Measurement of spatial and temporal variation in volatile hazardous air pollutants in Tacoma, Washington, using a mobile membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) system

<div><p>The objective of this study was to use membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS), implemented on a mobile platform, in order to provide real-time, fine–scale, temporally and spatially resolved measurements of several hazardous air pollutants. This work is important because there is now substantial evidence that fine-scale spatial and temporal variations of air pollutant concentrations are important determinants of exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes. The study took place in Tacoma, WA during periods of impaired air quality in the winter and summer of 2008 and 2009. Levels of fine particles were higher in winter compared to summer, and were spatially uniform across the study area. Concentrations of vapor phase pollutants measured by membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS), notably benzene and toluene, had relatively uniform spatial distributions at night, but exhibited substantial spatial variation during the day—daytime levels were up to 3-fold higher at traffic-impacted locations compared to a reference site. Although no direct side-by-side comparison was made between the MIMS system and traditional fixed site monitors, the MIMS system typically reported higher concentrations of specific VOCs, particularly benzene, ethylbenzene and naphthalene, compared to annual average concentrations obtained from SUMA canisters and gas chromatographic analysis at the fixed sites.</p></div

Mean, interquartile range (box), and range (maximum–minimum) of mass impacts predicted by each research group’s source apportionment analysis of the Phoenix PM data

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Workgroup Report: Workshop on Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter Health Effects—Intercomparison of Results and Implications"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(12):1768-1774.</p><p>Published online 1 Sep 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1314918.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p> () Soil; () secondary SO; () traffic; () metals/industry/smelter; () vegetation/wood burning; () sea salt