Clinical characteristics of the 749 Chinese vitiligo patients and 763 healthy controls.

<p>Clinical characteristics of the 749 Chinese vitiligo patients and 763 healthy controls.</p

Stratification analysis of the <i>iNOS</i> -954 genotypes and vitiligo risk by selected variables.

a<p>Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained from a multivariate logistic regression model with adjustment for age and sex. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p>b<p>Adjustment for age and sex.</p

Logistic regression analysis of iNOS activity in vitiligo patients and controls.

a<p>Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained from a logistic regression model with adjustment for age and sex; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p>b<p>Adjusted for age and sex.</p

Serum iNOS activity and correlations to vitiligo genetype.

<p>(A) The serum iNOS activity in vitiligo patients' group is significantly higher than that in the normal control group (<i>P</i><0.01). (B) Compared with the <i>iNOS</i>–954 protective genotype <i>GG</i> group, the risk genotype (<i>GC</i>+<i>CC</i>) group has the higher serum iNOS activity (<i>P</i><0.01).</p

Frequencies of the <i>iNOS</i> haplotypes among the cases and controls and their associations with risk of vitiligo.

a<p>Frequency<0.03 (i.e., <i>C</i>_-1173<i>C</i>_-954<i>T_Ex</i>₁₆₊₁₄, <i>T</i>_-1173<i>G</i>_-954<i>T_Ex</i>₁₆₊₁₄, <i>T</i>_-1173<i>C</i>_-954<i>T_Ex</i>₁₆₊₁₄, <i>T</i>_-1173<i>C</i>_-954<i>C_Ex</i>₁₆₊₁₄) in both control & case has been ignored in analysis.</p

sFasL mAb blocking decreased the percentage of apoptotic keratinocytes. HaCat cells were incubated with culture medium containing 10% PBMC supernatants, the neutralizing anti-FasL mAb (NOK-2), the negative control mAb for 24 hours.

<p>Annexin V staining showed that the inhibitory anti-FasL mAb reduced the number of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. *<i>P<0.05</i>.</p

Comparison of sFasL release between PBMCs and cultured T cells.

<p>PBMCs from patient 1 and 5 were cultured with causal drugs for 10 days. The cells were subsequently washed, and re-stimulated with causal drugs for 3 days. The sFasL levels in supernatants were determined by sFasL ELISA kit and were compared with those in 3-day PBMC culture supernatants. Results represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *<i>P<0.05</i>.</p

No change of sFasL level in supernatants of PBMCs upon stimulation with higher concentration of amoxicillin.

<p>PBMCs from patient 3 and patient 7 were cultured with amoxicillin at concentrations of 0, 40, 80,160 μg/ml. The sFasl levels were then determined by ELISA. A. Patient 3. B, Paitent 7. Results represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *<i>P<0.05</i>.</p

Cultured IFN-γ ELISpot responses to causal drugs.

<p>PBMCs from patients with SJS and TEN or MPE were incubated with either causal drugs or irrelevant drugs for 10 days. The cells were subsequently washed, and then stimulated with causal drugs or irrelevant drugs in an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Responses are presented as number of IFN-γ-positive spot-forming units (SFU) per million cells. Each data point represents an individual patient with SJS and TEN or MPE. Median is indicated by a horizontal line. *<i>P<0.01</i>.</p

<i>In vitro</i> toxicities of PBMC supernatant against keratinocytes.

<p>HaCat cells were incubated with culture medium alone or culture medium containing 5%, 10%, 20% PBMC supernatants for 24 hours. A. MTT assays showed that the supernatants of drug-stimulated PBMCs were cytotoxic against keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. B. Annexin V staining showed that the supernatants of drug-stimulated PBMCs induced apoptosis of keratinocytes in a dose – dependent manner. *<i>P<0.05</i>.</p