Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Community-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection: A Narrative Review

<p>Article full text</p> <p>The full text of this article can be found here <b><u>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40121-016-0117-y</u></b></p> <p>Provide enhanced content for this article</p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <ul> <li>Slide decks</li> <li>Videos and animations</li> <li>Audio abstracts</li> <li>Audio slides</li> </ul

Proportion of patients with different haematological malignancies and co-morbidities by <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection status.

<p>Proportion of patients with different haematological malignancies and co-morbidities by <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection status.</p

Multiple logistic regression analysis for predictors of CDI with all patients included.

<p>Multiple logistic regression analysis for predictors of CDI with all patients included.</p

Characteristics of the study sample by CDI status–potential predictors.

<p>Characteristics of the study sample by CDI status–potential predictors.</p

Cox proportional hazards regression for predictors of death within 90 days following <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection or proxy date, stratified by renal disease.

<p>Cox proportional hazards regression for predictors of death within 90 days following <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection or proxy date, stratified by renal disease.</p

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for predictors of death within 60 days following <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection or proxy date.

<p>Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for predictors of death within 60 days following <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection or proxy date.</p

Dendrogram showing PFGE types and their correlations with RTs and STs.

<p>Numbers on the branches represent PFGE types. ID = strain identity; RT = ribotype; ST = sequence type. The scale represents the percentage level of similarity.</p

Antibiotic exposure in the 2 month period preceding a diagnosis of CDI in patients.

<p>Antibiotic exposure in the 2 month period preceding a diagnosis of CDI in patients.</p

Characteristics of included studies.

<p><i>NOS</i>: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, <i>NR</i>: Not reported, <i>MO</i>: Missouri, <i>MA</i>: Massachusetts, <i>OH</i>: Ohio, <i>IL</i>: Illinois, <i>UT</i>: Utah</p><p>* January 1991 not included, a nursing strike made data unretrievable.</p><p>Characteristics of included studies.</p

Measures of monthly <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection incidence.

<p>Measures of monthly <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> infection incidence.</p