Borrowings of Komi, Turkic and Western European origin in the names of forest in dialects of the European North of Russia

Introduction: the article is devoted to the lexemes of Russian dialects of the European North of Russia, which are borrowed from the Komi, Turkic and Western European languages, nominating forest and forest loci. The identified complex of lexemes is analyzed from the point of view of the origin of words: the languages-sources of borrowing, the main of which is the Komi language, are identified. Special attention is paid to the lexemes of Turkic origin. All borrowed names of forest and forest loci are analyzed in the linguo-geographical aspect and described in terms of phonetic, word-formation and semantic adaptation. Objective: to analyze the borrowed lexemes of dialects of the European North of Russia with a diverse characteristic of the lexical material. Research materials: the lexemes considered in the article are extracted from the files and lexicographical sources containing materials on the dialect vocabulary of the European North of Russia. Results and novelty of the research: the lexemes of source languages, which served as the original of borrowing, are revealed; the multi-aspect characteristic of the lexical materials chosen for the analysis is carried out. In the study never interpreted before lexical materials are introduced into scientific circulation; the author's etymological solutions are presented previously proposed scientific interpretations are corrected. Results and novelty of the research: the results of the analysis of the materials show that the main feature of the Komi, Turkic and Western European borrowings in the North Russian designations of forest space should be considered the specificity of semantic adaptation. © 2019 Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development. All rights reserved

Vocabulary with semantics ʽthe distanceʼ in the dialects of the European North of Russia

The article considers the Russian lexemes that denote distance and its measurements. The author conducts an etymological analysis of words, identifies motivational characteristics. The National Metrology is assessed in the paradigm of consumer experience of the dialect speaker, beliefs and perceptions of natural forces. The analysis of the tokens shows that the most common representation of distance is attitude of “near” — “far”, the index of faraway places is also more common. The activities of the dialect speaker (trekking, sailing, cattle drive, hunting) is expressed in the internal form of the majority of lexemes of the investigated group. Mental and linguistic archaic character is realized in internal form of lexems that reflect the sound distance measurement, mythological submission, in particular, the symbolism of numerals, the image of devil and his actions. There are also borrowings, but they are few.В статье рассматриваются русские лексемы, которые обозначают расстояние и его измерения. Проводится этимологический анализ исследуемых слов, выявляются мотивационные признаки. Народная метрология оценивается в парадигме бытового опыта диалектоносителя, верований и представлений о природных силах. Анализ лексем показывает, что наиболее общим представлением о расстоянии является противопоставление «ближний» — «дальний», при этом обозначения далеких мест преобладают. Деятельность диалектоносителя (пеший переход, плавание на лодке, перегон животных, охота) отражена во внутренней форме большинства лексем исследуемой группы. Ментальная и языковая архаика проявляется во внутренней форме лексем, отражающей звуковое измерение расстояния, мифологические представления, в частности, символику числительных, образ черта и его действий. Встречаются заимствования, однако они немногочисленны