Percent decline compared to Background for the year 2008 and the period 1975–2008.

<p>“<i>All interventions</i>” includes Screening + Adjuvant treatments + Other causes.</p

BC mortality rates and screening.

<p>Standardized BC mortality rates for the age groups: <b>A</b>) 30–79, <b>B</b>) 30–69. Observed rates (dots) and estimations under different scenarios <i>Background</i> (gray) and <i>Only screening</i> (green).</p

Percent decline compared to Background for the year 2008 and the period 1975–2008.

<p>Percent decline compared to Background for the year 2008 and the period 1975–2008.</p

Proportion of women with BC who received adjuvant therapies.

<p>*Obtained from Mariotto <i>et al</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030157#pone.0030157-Mariotto1" target="_blank">[24]</a>. In this work chemotherapy was restricted to multiagent chemotherapy and hormonotheraphy was restricted to tamoxifen.</p><p>**Obtained from the Alamo I study for years 1990–93 and the Alamo II study for 1994–97 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030157#pone.0030157-Grupo1" target="_blank">[22]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030157#pone.0030157-Grupo2" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p><p>Positive and negative signs refer to node affectation. Stratification by BC stage groups differs between the two countries.</p

BC mortality rates and different scenarios.

<p>Standardized BC mortality rates for the age group 30–69. Observed rates (dots) and estimations under different scenarios <i>Background</i> (gray), <i>Only screening</i> (green), <i>Only adjuvant treatments</i> (cyan), and <i>Both interventions</i> (magenta).</p

Switching antiretroviral regimes for the treatment of HIV: safety implications

<p><b>Introduction</b>: There are multiple reasons to switch from a virologically successful antiretroviral regimen. Some of them are related to toxicity. Lately, combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) switches have often been related to drug-drug interactions which may also eventually entail safety issues as well.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: The purpose of this review is to analyze causes of switching between virologically successful cART regimes related to safety issues. The most relevant papers were selected and summarized.</p> <p><b>Expert opinion</b>: Switching cART has been a popular strategy to address safety issues throughout the antiretroviral era. The myriad of switching studies have paralleled the study and release into clinical practice of new antiretroviral drugs with different and often improved safety profiles. Most of them have been successful in improving antiretroviral toxicity while keeping HIV replication under control. However, it should be taken into account that, whenever a new drug is given, there is a possibility of new drug-related toxicity. Notwithstanding that, an increase in cART switching is foreseen, given the fact that we have a wide antiretroviral drug armamentarium and that people living with HIV are ageing and thus more prone to developing age-related co-morbidities whose therapies may entail new interactions and eventually new toxicities.</p

Sensitivity analysis of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of double reading versus single reading.

<p>DR = Double reading. SR = Single reading. PPV = positive predictive value. SC = Staff costs. ER = early recall was 2.1% in double reading and 1.7% in single reading. *The prevalence of breast cancer was estimated as the number of true positives plus the number of false negatives.</p

Algorithm followed during a biennial screening round in the programme.

<p>*The reading process included independent double reading followed by consensus and arbitration in case of disagreement.</p

Decision-tree model used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the three reading strategies.

<p>FP = False Positive. FN = False Negative. TN = True Negative.</p

Characteristics of the women included in the analysis.

<p>Characteristics of the women included in the analysis.</p