Comparative analysis of the performance of hydrophobically associating polymer, xanthan and guar gum as mobility control agent, in enhanced oil recovery application.

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of hydrophobically associating polymer (HAPAM), xanthan gum, and guar gum in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Their performances in terms of oil recovery applications were investigated through rheological behavior analysis and core flooding experiments. Rheological studies reveal shear thinning characteristics with HAPAM showing superior rheological behavior at elevated shear rates for all concentrations tested. Core flooding tests were conducted on different sandstone core samples with similar petrophysical properties to evaluate the EOR performance using the three polymers. Cumulative oil recovered after waterflood implies that HAPAM shows better oil recovery capability with 41.1, 62.4, and 63.5% oil recovery compared to xanthan achieving 32.8, 33.7, and 56.2% and guar gum achieving 41.8, 57.1, and 61.2% oil recovery using the three concentrations; concentration 1, 2 and 3 (1,000, 4,000 and 6,000 ppm), respectively. The superior performance by HAPAM was also evident in its lesser amount of permeability damage after flooding with 28.3% concentration

Assessment of rainfall rate and fade event duration for earth-space satellite links design in Nigeria

139-143The quest for advanced digitalized technology requires the knowledge of rainfall duration as a function of signal fading events. The assessment of events duration and rain rate for applications on Earth-space microwave links design are examined in the present work. The study has been carried out based on measurements along a set of rain gauge networks sited in five different locations across different regions in Nigeria. The degrees of the influence of rainfall rates for the outage period of the signals are tested along a direct-to-home Eutelsat satellite link operating at 12.25 GHz at one of the sites, Akure, Nigeria. The results would be useful in optimizing link budgeting, especially for the low-availability satellite systems over Nigeria. It would also serve as a benchmark for assessing the level of degradation that could be encountered in the switchover to digital broadcasting as well as 5G applications in Nigeria

Assessment of rainfall rate and fade event duration for earth-space satellite links design in Nigeria

The quest for advanced digitalized technology requires the knowledge of rainfall duration as a function of signal fading events. The assessment of events duration and rain rate for applications on Earth-space microwave links design are examined in the present work. The study has been carried out based on measurements along a set of rain gauge networks sited in five different locations across different regions in Nigeria. The degrees of the influence of rainfall rates for the outage period of the signals are tested along a direct-to-home Eutelsat satellite link operating at 12.25 GHz at one of the sites, Akure, Nigeria. The results would be useful in optimizing link budgeting, especially for the low-availability satellite systems over Nigeria. It would also serve as a benchmark for assessing the level of degradation that could be encountered in the switchover to digital broadcasting as well as 5G applications in Nigeria

Experimental Studies on the Performance of Bio Based and Industrial Surfactants in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Surfactants are known for their unique property in lowering the interfacial tension (IFT) amid fluids injected and heavy crude oil of 22.3°API. In this present work, an original surfactant was formulated from natural oil (Castor oil) to see its use in enhanced oil recovery. The results from interfacial tension reduction by the castor oil-based surfactant were compared to that of the industrial surfactant (Methyl ester sulfonate). The IFT between the aqueous phases was measured then the effect of the surfactants was studied in core flooding experiments. The IFT was found to be reduced to as low as 12.1 mN/m using the castor-based surfactant and 12.3 mN/m using the industrial surfactant. The influence of brine concentration on IFT was also investigated. Results from core floods showed that the range of oil recovery after waterflood is in the range of 30-40% and the additional recovery from surfactant flooding in the range of 35-46%