Positive Psychology Program for equal Access for Children and Adolescents with Disabilities

The theoretical frame of this paper was grounded in positive psychology programs and social ecology theory. Our main aim was to raise awareness against discrimination toward disabled children and adolescents. In the frame of the project Equal Access through Service Learning for Persons with Disabilities, we conducted our Service Learning Project, on which we based our paper. It consists of two parts. The main aim of the first part of the study was to identify students’discrimination attitudes towards disabled people. After we gain results from the first part of the study, based on School-wide Positive Behaviour Support project, we modified and created psycho-educative workshops for secondary school students and for students at the Faculty of Educational Science. We believe that building positive psychology environment and “flourishing schools” will be one of the prospective ways in order to create inclusive educational environment. According to the students’ opinion, based on the results in this survey, we can conclude that there are elements of separation in society in which students live and study (64%); students have not felt different than the others or that they don’t belong to that group (66%); they have recognized different behavior towards people with disabilities (20%); but personally, they have never experienced different behaviour toward somebody based on differences (83%). We agree that the psycho-educative workshops that we conducted could be an effective way to raise awareness against discrimination toward people with disabilities. Through psycho-educative workshops we emphasized the importance of service learning and involvement in the community in creating equal access for children and adolescents with disabilities. Keywords: equal access; children and adolescents; disabilities; positive psycholog

Rules of good practice in drugs' supply

The pharmaceutical sector is one of the most important segments of the health system everywhere in the world. Abput 15 - 30 % of entire expenses in the health care account for this sector. The good supply means to assure drugs and medical auxiliari preparations with quality, necessary quantity, acceptance price, and the place where they are necessary and according to delivery schedule. Adjusting and following the Rules of good practice in drugs' supply are the basic strategic aims in effective medicaments' supply. Realization of specific programs for obtaining exact quantities with prices adjusted to the average prices on the international market is the basic prerequisite in the supply process. The successful functioning and quality of work can be achieved by monitoring, respecting the delivery schedule and prices agreed, date of usage, proper labeling and packing. This article presents a survey of the theoretical requirements of good practice in drugs' supply, not focusing on the legislative in particular countries, including the European Union

Impact of the centralized procurement on the medicines prices - (example with oncology products in Bulgaria and Macedonia)

Analyzing the health economic results of the centralized procurement is important for critical assessment of the level of achievment of health goals during the tender process. OBJECTIVE : To compare the procurement legislation and its impact on the prices and quantities of procured medicines in the public sector. METHODS: legislation analysis of both procurement laws and regulations for medicines supply issued during 1997 - 2003. Calculation of price and quantities indexes of procured oncology medicines via centralized tenders for the period 2000 - 2003. RESULTS : The tenders are organized in Macedonia by the Health insurance fund for all levels of health care and all medicines included in the procurament list while in Bulgaria Ministry of health is organizing a central drug procurament for 121 INN life - saving and expensive medicines dispensed via specialized clinics. Changes in the price and quantity indexes for oncology products in Bulgaria shows increase in quantity index till 4.07, value index till 3.03 and average price index till 0.72 for the period 2000-2003. Because of the smaller number of procured oncology medicines in Macedonia the average waged price is 3.5 higher than in Bulgaria. It means that the tender in Bulgaria acheives lower prices. CONCLUSION: Different legislation and economic cicumstances in both countries as well different organization of tenders lead to different results. Prices of oncology products in Bulgaria are lower but the quantities vary significantly among the years