昇温過程における非晶質半導体の相転移に関する研究

取得学位：博士(学術)，学位授与番号：博甲第271号，学位授与年月日：平成10年9月30日,学位授与年：199

Incidence and clinical profile of rotaviral infection among children below 5 years of age admitted with acute diarrhea in a tertiary care hospital of Tripura

Background: Acute diarrheal disease is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Rotavirus has been recognized as the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. Data on rotaviral disease burden are needed across India to support reasonable, evidence-based decision regarding any intervention. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the incidence of rotavirus infection in acute diarrhea among children below 5 years and clinical profile of rotaviral diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching institution of Tripura from November 1, 2014, to April 30, 2016. Stool samplesfrom 460 hospitalized children below 5 years admitted with acute diarrhea were tested for rotaviral antigen by ELISA method. Caregivers were interviewed, physical examination was conducted, assessment of dehydration was done, and cases were managed as per the WHO Guideline. Results: Out of 460 cases of acute diarrhea, 290 (63%) were male and 170 (37%) were female. In infants, 240 (52%) diarrheal cases were observed. Out of total 460 stool samples, 166 (36%) were rotavirus positive, and of these, 100 (60.24%) rotavirus positive cases were infant, and 102 (61.44%) were male children. Rotavirus infection was observed throughout the year, with peak (54.21%) during January–March (winter season). Clinically, 110 (66.26%) children had fever, 94% (156) cases had vomiting, and 63.25% (105) children of rotaviral diarrheal cases were admitted with some dehydration, and 33.13% (55) patients were admitted with severe dehydration. The mean duration of diarrhea (4.97 days) and mean duration of hospital stay (3.71 days) were significantly higher in rotaviral diarrhea as compared with non-rotaviral diarrhea. No death was observed. Out of 460 cases of acute diarrhea, only 6 (1.3%) cases had received rotaviral vaccine, and only one case (0.6%) among 166 rotaviral diarrhea cases had received rotaviral vaccine. Conclusion: This study highlights that rotavirus is a significant cause of acute diarrhea in this part of the country and mainly affects children below 12 months age

Bennu and Ryugu: diamonds in the sky

Rapidly spinning and loosely aggregated asteroids appear to take on diamond-shaped profiles, with elevated poles as well as equators. The evolutionary processes that form these characteristic shapes remain a matter of debate. In this paper, we propose a novel model, based on debris accretion, to explain these diamond-shaped profiles. We derive an analytic expression for the shapes of such rapidly spinning rubble piles based on the principle that as rubble is deposited it assumes a critical angle of repose. We show that this expression correctly reproduces diamond shaped profiles. We also conduct granular simulations of debris deposition and show that simulated shapes are in striking accord with both observations and analytical results. Our results suggest that non-uniform debris accumulation, which is overlooked in current models, may play a cardinal role in the formation of diamond-shaped asteroids

Application of plastic funnel in blast hole to improve blasting efficiency of opencast coal mine at West Bokaro

Blasting being one of the key activities of mining, its efficiency in terms of lower explosives consumption, improved rock fragmentation, decreased fly-rock, reduced noise and vibration level is very much desired for an effective mining operation which can be achieved by maximizing the utilization of explosive energy in the blast hole. Use of ‘reverse plastic funnel’ into the blast hole is one of the techniques for more utilization of explosives energy to improve blasting efficiency. The reverse plastic funnel is placed between explosive and stemming column in the blast hole which eliminates the contamination of explosive from drill cuttings (used for stemming), thus increases the Velocity of Detonation (VoD) of the explosive. Also, the conic shape of funnel creates a ‘Wedge effect’ guiding more of the explosive energy into the rock rather than upward out of the blast hole which helps in utilizing more explosive energy for rock breakage and reducing fly rock generation. In order to establish the benefit, trials were carried out in OB (overburden) benches of opencast coal mine at West Bokaro. In-hole VoD is measured by using Micro Trap VoD Recorder. It was found that the in-hole Velocity of Detonation (VoD) of the explosive is more in blast hole having funnel which means more strength of explosive. It was also observed that the fly rocks generation is negligible from blast holes in which funnels are placed

Ray Systems in Granular Cratering

In classical experiments of granular cratering, a ball dropped on an evened-out bed of grains ends up within a crater surrounded by a uniform blanket of ejecta. In this Letter, we show that the uniform blanket of ejecta changes to a ray system, or set of radial streaks of ejecta, where the surface of the granular bed includes undulations, a factor that has not been addressed to date. By carrying out numerous experiments and computational simulations thereof, we ascertain that the number of rays in a ray system proportional, variantD/lambda, where D is the diameter of the ball and lambda is the wavelength of the undulations. Further, we show that the ejecta in a ray system originates in a narrow annulus of diameter D with the center at the site of impact. Our findings may help shed light on the enigmatic ray systems that ring many impact craters on the Moon and other planetary bodies

Bioequivalence study of two formulations containing 400 mg dexibuprofen in healthy Indian subjects

Objective: This study presents the results of two-period, two-treatment crossover investigations on 24 healthy Indian male subjects to assess the bioequivalence of two oral formulations containing 400 mg of dexibuprofen (CAS 51146-56-6). An attempt was also made to study the pharmacokinetics of dexibuprofen in the local population of Indian origin.Method: Both of the formulations were administered orally as a single dose separated by a one-week washout period. The concentration of dexibuprofen in plasma was determined by a validated HPLC method with UV detection using carbamazepine as internal standard. The formulations were compared using the parameters area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to reach peak plasma concentration (tmax).Results: The results of this investigation indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the logarithmically transformed AUC0-∞ and Cmax values of the two preparations. The 90 % confidence interval for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.8-1.25 and the relative bioavailability of the test formulation was 99.04 % of that of reference formulationjok?.Conclusion: Thus, these findings clearly indicate that the two formulations are bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of drug absorption. Both preparations were well tolerated with no adverse reactions observed throughout the study

Prospective observational study on peri-operative usage pattern of analgesics

The present work reports a prospective observational study to determine perioperative usage pattern of analgesics. Both general and regional anaesthesia and also different analgesics which is most effective to manage post operative pain were used. 120 patients were studied randomly as per criteria. Techniques of anaesthesia, pre, peri& post operative vitals and pain scores were noted in selected time interval. Pain score recorded 0-3 as mild, 4-6 as moderate & 7-10 as severe. Of all the analgesics administered in peri & postoperative period, Fentanyl (F) alone & in combination with diclofenac (D) were used maximum in perioperative period. These two groups were compared. In postoperative GA cases, majority patients received paracetamol (P) and tramadol (T) and in regional blocks, Pethidine (PE) Phenergan (PH) combination & tramadol were used. These groups werecompared to evaluate pain perception. Fentanyl alone found to be more effectivein maintaining hemodynamic stability. In fentanyl-diclofenac combination, pulse rate and blood pressure were higher than fentanyl alone. Pain scores were significantly higher in GA compared to regional blocks. In GA patients, fentanyl-paracetamol combination decrease pain significantly compared to fentanyl-tramadol combination. But in regional techniques, pethidine, phenergan and tramadol in combination with perioperative fentanyl shows same result for decreasing pain. Fentanyl is a better analgesics compared to fentanyl+diclofenac combination in perioperative period and in case of postoperative period paracetamol is better effective compared to tramadol HCL in combination with fentany

Structural pattern in the Precambrian rocks of Sonua-Lotapahar region, north Singhbhum, eastern India

In the western part of the North Singhbhum fold belt near Lotapahar and Sonua the remobilized basement block of Chakradharpur Gneiss is overlain by a metasedimentary assemblage consisting of quartz arenite, conglomerate, slate-phyllite, greywacke with volcanogenic material, volcaniclastic rocks and chert. The rock assemblage suggests an association of volcanism, turbidite deposition and debris flow in the basin. The grade of metamorphism is very low, the common metamorphic minerals being muscovite, chlorite, biotite and stilpnomelane. Three phases of deformation have affected the rocks. The principal D1 structure is a penetrative planar fabric, parallel to or at low angle to bedding. No D1 major fold is observed and the regional importance of this deformation is uncertain. The D2 deformation has given rise to a number of northerly plunging major folds on E-W axial planes. These have nearly reclined geometry and the L2 lineation is mostly downdip on the S2 surface, though some variation in pitch is observed. The morphology of D2 planar fabric varies from slaty cleavage/schistosity to crenulation cleavage and solution cleavage. D3 deformation is weak and has given rise to puckers and broad warps on schistosity and bedding. The D2 major folds south of Lotapahar are second order folds in the core of the Ongarbira syncline whose easterly closure is exposed east of the mapped area. Photogeological study suggests that the easterly and westerly closing folds together form a large synclinal sheath fold. There is a continuity of structures from north to south and no mylonite belt is present, though there is attenuation and disruption along the fold limbs. Therefore, the Singhbhum shear zone cannot be extended westwards in the present area. There is no evidence that in this area a discontinuity surface separates two orogenic belts of Archaean and Proterozoic age