The First Uranyl Arsonates Featuring Heterometallic Cation–Cation Interactions with U^VIO–Zn^II Bonding

Two new uranyl arsonates, Zn­(UO₂)­(PhAsO₃)₂L·H₂O [L = 1,10-phenanthroline (<b>1</b>) and 2,2′-bipyridine (<b>2</b>)], have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of phenylarsonic acid, L, and ZnUO₂(OAc)₄·7H₂O. Single-crystal X-ray analyses demonstrate that these two compounds are isostructural and exhibit one-dimensional chains in which U^VI and Zn^II cations are directly connected by the <i>yl</i> oxygen atoms and additionally bridged by arsonate groups. Both compounds represent the first examples of uranyl arsonates with heterometallic cation–cation interactions

A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene contributes to hypertension susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis

<p>Background The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene is a prime candidate for polymorphisms that could contribute to hypertension. A polymorphism in the 3’ untranslated region, leading to the transversion of adenine to cytosine at position 1166, has been the most-studied variant. However, the results have been inconsistent, and we therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with hypertension.</p> <p>Methods We conducted an extended a computer-based literature search of PubMed and Web of Knowledge up to November 30, 2015. The extracted data were analysed statistically, and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strengths of associations using Review Manager software (version 5.2).</p> <p>Results After removing 5 studies that were not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we finally collected 41 case–control studies involving 11,837 cases and 11,020 controls to evaluate the association between AT1R polymorphisms and hypertension. We found that the risk of hypertension was higher for allele C than for allele A under the codominant model, significantly higher for genotype CC + AC than for genotype AA under the dominant model, and significantly higher for genotype CC + AC in Caucasians.</p> <p>Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that the AT1R 1166 CC + AC genotype consistently confers susceptibility to hypertension and that early preventive measures should be applied in clinical settings according to patient genotypes.</p

Structural Variation within Heterometallic Uranyl Hybrids Based on Flexible Alkyldiphosphonate Ligands

Five novel zinc uranyl diphosphonates have been hydrothermally synthesized by using a series of flexible diphosphonate ligands, including ethane-1,2-diyldiphosphonic acid (H₄EDP), propane-1,3-diyldiphosphonic acid (H₄PDP), and butane-1,4-diyldiphosphonic acid (H₄BDP). Compound Zn­(H₂tib)­(UO₂)₂(EDP)­(HEDP)­(H₂EDP)_0.5·3H₂O (<b>EDP-ZnU1</b>, tib = 1,3,5-tri­(1H-imidazol-1-yl)­benzene) comprises dimeric U₂O₁₂ unit condensed by two UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids, which are further connected by Zn-centered polyhedra and EDP ligands resulting in a 3-dimensional framework. Compound [Zn­(bipy)­(H₂O)]­(UO₂)­(PDP) (<b>PDP-ZnU1</b>, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) also features U₂O₁₂ dimers and Zn-centered polyhedra, but a layered arrangement is formed. Different from that in <b>PDP-ZnU1</b>, the uranium exists in the form of UO₆ tetragonal bipyramid and is surrounded by four PDP ligands to generate the layered structure of Zn­(bipy)­(UO₂)­(PDP) (<b>PDP-ZnU2</b>). ZnO₂N₂ tetrahedra are connected on both sides of the layers. Both Zn₂(phen)₄(UO₂)₃(BDP)­(HBDP)₂·4H₂O (<b>BDP-ZnU1</b>, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and Zn₂(bipy)₂(UO₂)₃(HBDP)₂(H₂BDP)₂ (<b>BDP-ZnU2</b>) contain U₂O₁₂ dimers and UO₆ tetragonal bipyramids. In <b>BDP-ZnU1</b>, uranyl centers are bridged by BDP to form a 2-dimensional structure, on which Zn­(phen)₂ are decorated. Whereas in <b>BDP-ZnU2</b>, uranyl phosphonate layers are connected by bridging ZnO₃N₂ to produce framework structure. All of these compounds have been investigated by IR and photoluminescent spectroscopy. Their characteristic green light emissions have been attributed to transition properties of uranyl dications

The First Uranyl Arsonates Featuring Heterometallic Cation–Cation Interactions with U^VIO–Zn^II Bonding

Two new uranyl arsonates, Zn­(UO₂)­(PhAsO₃)₂L·H₂O [L = 1,10-phenanthroline (<b>1</b>) and 2,2′-bipyridine (<b>2</b>)], have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of phenylarsonic acid, L, and ZnUO₂(OAc)₄·7H₂O. Single-crystal X-ray analyses demonstrate that these two compounds are isostructural and exhibit one-dimensional chains in which U^VI and Zn^II cations are directly connected by the <i>yl</i> oxygen atoms and additionally bridged by arsonate groups. Both compounds represent the first examples of uranyl arsonates with heterometallic cation–cation interactions

Flexible Diphosphonic Acids for the Isolation of Uranyl Hybrids with Heterometallic U^VIOZn^II Cation–Cation Interactions

A family of uranyl diphosphonates have been hydrothermally synthesized using various flexible diphosphonic acids and Zn­(UO₂)­(OAc)₄·7H₂O in the presence of bipy or phen. Single-crystal X-ray analyses indicate that these compounds represent the first examples of uranyl phosphonates with heterometallic U^VIOZn^II cation–cation interactions

Flexible Diphosphonic Acids for the Isolation of Uranyl Hybrids with Heterometallic U^VIOZn^II Cation–Cation Interactions

A family of uranyl diphosphonates have been hydrothermally synthesized using various flexible diphosphonic acids and Zn­(UO₂)­(OAc)₄·7H₂O in the presence of bipy or phen. Single-crystal X-ray analyses indicate that these compounds represent the first examples of uranyl phosphonates with heterometallic U^VIOZn^II cation–cation interactions

Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Uranyl Hybrids Constructed by a Variety of Mono- and Polycarboxylic Acids

A series of uranyl–organic coordination polymers have been hydrothermally synthesized by using a variety of carboxylic ligands, 3,3′-((2-((3-carboxyphenoxy)­methyl)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl)­bis­(oxy))­dibenzoic acid (H₃L¹), 4,4′-(3-(4-carboxyphenethyl)-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-diyl)­dibenzoic acid (H₃L²), chelidamic acid (H₂L³), and benzoic acid (HL⁴) in the presence of N-bearing coligands, including 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1<i>H</i>-imidazole (bpi), and 1,4-di­(1<i>H</i>-imidazol-1-yl)­benzene (dib). Compounds (UO₂)­(HL¹) (<b>1</b>) and Zn­(H₂O)₃(UO₂)₂(O)­(OH)­(L²)·H₂O (<b>2</b>) are constructed by semirigid ligands. The former is a one-dimensional ribbon-like structure with UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids as the building unit, while the latter adopts a tetramer of UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids to build a layered structure. Mononuclear UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids are connected by L³ groups to generate a two-dimensional arrangement of UO₂(L³)­(H₂dib)_0.5 (<b>3</b>), in which the protonated dib molecules provide space filling and form π···π interactions with the layers. Compounds UO₂(L³)­(phen) (<b>4</b>), UO₂(L³)₂(Hbpi)₂ (<b>5</b>), and UO₂(L⁴)₂(bipy) (<b>6</b>) are molecular complexes, in which <b>4</b> and <b>6</b> are neutral, and <b>5</b> comprises protonated bpi as the counterion. The uranyl center in compound <b>4</b> is chelated by one phen and one L³ group to form a UO₅N₂ pentagonal bipyramid, while in compound <b>5</b>, two L³ groups are coordinated to an uranyl center, producing a UO₈ polyhedron. Compound <b>6</b> consists of a UO₆N₂ polyhedron of uranyl unit coordinated by one bipy and two benzoate groups. Compounds Zn­(phen)₃[(UO₂)­(C₂O₄)­(L⁴)]₂ (<b>7</b>) and Zn­(bpi)₂(UO₂)­(O)­(C₂O₄)_0.5(L⁴)·H₂O (<b>8</b>) feature one-dimensional structures. In <b>7</b>, UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids are alternatively connected by oxalate groups to form the chain, in which unidentate benzoate groups are coordinated to the uranium atoms. Zn­(phen)₃ cations fill the void space of the chains to compensate the negative charge. Differently, the chain of <b>8</b> can be seen as the heterometallic tetramer of UO₇ and ZnO₂N₂ polyhedra connected by oxalate groups, and then bpi and benzoate groups are coordinated to the chain. All of the compounds have been characterized by IR and photoluminescent spectroscopy, and compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>,<b> 5</b>,<b> 6</b>, and <b>8</b> exhibit characteristic emissions of uranyl cations

Syntheses and Structures of Uranyl Ethylenediphosphonates: From Layers to Elliptical Nanochannels

A family of uranium diphosphonates have been hydrothermally synthesized through the reaction of ethylenediphosphonic acid (EDP, H₄L) and uranyl nitrate/zinc uranyl acetate in the presence of organic templates, such as tetraethyl ammonium (NEt₄⁺), 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The UO₂²⁺ in UO₂(H₂O)­(H₂L)­(<b>EDP-U1</b>) is equatorially five-coordinated by four phosphonate groups and one aqua ligand, forming a pentagonal bipyramid. Each EDP ligand is doubly protonated and chelates three UO₂²⁺, resulting in a layered structure. Compounds (NEt₄)₂­(UO₂)₃­(HL)₂­(H₂L)·​4H₂O (<b>EDP-U2</b>) and (H₂bipy)­UO₂L (<b>EDP-U3</b>) have the same layered structure in which NEt₄⁺ and protonated bipy fill in the uranyl–phosphonate interlayers, respectively, and play a role to balance the negative charges. Different from that in <b>EDP-U1</b>, the UO₂²⁺ exists in the form of a UO₆ tetragonal bipyramid and is surrounded by four different EDP ligands in <b>EDP-U2</b> and <b>EDP-U3</b>. (Hphen)₂­(UO₂)₂­(H₂L)₃ (<b>EDP-U4</b>) features a three-dimensional framework structure with large elliptical channels along the <i>c</i> axis (1.3 × 1.1 nm²). Monoprotonated phen molecules fill in these channels and hold together through strong π···π interactions. All of the four compounds have been characterized by IR and photoluminescent spectroscopy. Their characteristic emissions have been attributed as transition properties of uranyl cations. The ion-exchange study indicates that [Co­(en)₃]³⁺ could partially replace the protonated phen molecules

Syntheses and Structures of a Series of Uranyl Phosphonates and Sulfonates: An Insight into Their Correlations and Discrepancies

Six uranyl phosphonates and sulfonates have been hydrothermally synthesized, namely, (H₂tib)­[(UO₂)₃(PO₃C₆H₅)₄]·2H₂O (<b>UPhP-1</b>), Zn­(pi)₂(UO₂)­(PO₃C₆H₅)₂ (<b>UPhP-2</b>), Zn­(dib)­(UO₂)­(PO₃C₆H₅)₂·2H₂O (<b>UPhP-3</b>), (HTEA)­[(UO₂)­(5-SP)] (<b>USP-1</b>), (Hdib)₂[(UO₂)₂(OH)­(O)­(5-SP)] (<b>USP-2</b>), and Zn­(phen)₃(UO₂)₂(3-SP)₂ (<b>USP-3</b>) (tib = 1,3,5-tri­(1H-imidazol-1-yl)­benzene, pi = 1-phenyl-1H-imidazole, dib = 1,4-di­(1H-imidazol-1-yl)­benzene, TEA = triethylamine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-SP = 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, and 3-SP = 3-sulfoisophthalic acid). <b>UPhP-1</b> has been determined to be a layered structure constructed by UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids, UO₆ octahedra, and phenylphosphonates. Protonated tib plays a role in balancing the negative charge and holding its structure together. <b>UPhP-2</b> is made up of UO₆ octahedra, ZnO₂N₂ tetrahedra and PO₃C tetrahedra in phenylphosphonates, forming a 1D assembly, which is stabilized by chelate phen ligand. Further connection of such chainlike structure via dib yields a 2D layered architecture of <b>UPhP-3</b>. Although sulfonate group possesses similar tetrahedral structure as the phosphonate group, a unidentated coordination mode is only found in this work. UO₇ pentagonal bipyramids are linked by 5-SP to form the layered assembly of <b>USP-1</b>. <b>USP-2</b> also consists of the same sulfonate ligand, but features tetranulear uranyl clusters. Similarly, protonated TEA and dib molecules enable stabilization of their structures, respectively. Formed by dinuclear uranyl cluster and 3-SP ligand, <b>USP-3</b> appears as a 1D arrangement, in which Zn­(phen)₃ acts as the counterion to compensate the negative charge. All of these compounds have been characterized by IR and photoluminescent spectroscopy. Their characteristic emissions have been attributed as transition properties of uranyl cations

Syntheses and Structures of Uranyl Ethylenediphosphonates: From Layers to Elliptical Nanochannels

A family of uranium diphosphonates have been hydrothermally synthesized through the reaction of ethylenediphosphonic acid (EDP, H₄L) and uranyl nitrate/zinc uranyl acetate in the presence of organic templates, such as tetraethyl ammonium (NEt₄⁺), 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The UO₂²⁺ in UO₂(H₂O)­(H₂L)­(<b>EDP-U1</b>) is equatorially five-coordinated by four phosphonate groups and one aqua ligand, forming a pentagonal bipyramid. Each EDP ligand is doubly protonated and chelates three UO₂²⁺, resulting in a layered structure. Compounds (NEt₄)₂­(UO₂)₃­(HL)₂­(H₂L)·​4H₂O (<b>EDP-U2</b>) and (H₂bipy)­UO₂L (<b>EDP-U3</b>) have the same layered structure in which NEt₄⁺ and protonated bipy fill in the uranyl–phosphonate interlayers, respectively, and play a role to balance the negative charges. Different from that in <b>EDP-U1</b>, the UO₂²⁺ exists in the form of a UO₆ tetragonal bipyramid and is surrounded by four different EDP ligands in <b>EDP-U2</b> and <b>EDP-U3</b>. (Hphen)₂­(UO₂)₂­(H₂L)₃ (<b>EDP-U4</b>) features a three-dimensional framework structure with large elliptical channels along the <i>c</i> axis (1.3 × 1.1 nm²). Monoprotonated phen molecules fill in these channels and hold together through strong π···π interactions. All of the four compounds have been characterized by IR and photoluminescent spectroscopy. Their characteristic emissions have been attributed as transition properties of uranyl cations. The ion-exchange study indicates that [Co­(en)₃]³⁺ could partially replace the protonated phen molecules