33 research outputs found
Cortical Activity while Riding Motorcycles Measured with a Wearable Near Infrared Topography System
The purpose of this study was to clarify the cortical activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) while motorcycles were being ridden. Sixteen healthy right-handed men who use motorcycles in their daily lives were recruited. Their brain activity was measured using a prototype of wearable optical topography while they were actually riding a motorcycle. We found that their brain activation patterns, which reflect the cognitive strategies behind their riding behaviors, differed depending on whether they were users of road bikes or scooters. Also, DLPFC activity, which reflects an increase in cognitive and motor demands, was greater in riders of on-road type motorcycles than scooters
Experimental demonstration and visual observation of dust trapping in an electron storage ring
Sudden decreases in the beam lifetime, which are attributed to the dust trappings, sometimes occur at the electron storage ring Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR). Since these dust events cause difficulties in user operations, we have been carefully observing this phenomenon for many years. Our observations indicated that the dust trappings could be caused by electric discharges in vacuum ducts. In order to demonstrate this hypothesis experimentally, we designed a new vacuum device that intentionally generates electric discharges and installed it in PF-AR. Using this device, we could repeatedly induce sudden decreases in the beam lifetime because of the generated electric discharge. We also detected decreases in the beam lifetime caused by mechanical movement of the electrodes in the device. Moreover, we could visually observe the dust trapping phenomenon; the trapped dust particle was observed by two video cameras and appeared as a luminous body that resembled a shooting star. This was the first direct observation of a luminous dust particle trapped by the electron beam
Riding a Motorcycle Affects Cognitive Functions of Healthy Adults
We investigated whether riding a motorcycle in daily life has beneficial effects on the cognitive functions of healthy subjects. Twenty-two healthy right-handed men, who had a significant break from riding, participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group was asked to ride a motorcycle in their daily life for two months. The intervention group showed improvement of their visuospatial cognition compared with the control group. Results of this study indicate that riding a motorcycle in daily life could have beneficial effects in returning riders
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Photodesorption and Electron Yield Measurements of Thin Film Coatings for Future Accelerators
The performance of future accelerators could be limited by electron cloud phenomena and high photodesorption yields. For such a reason, the study of secondary electron and photodesorption yields of vacuum materials is essential. The eradication or mitigation of both secondary electron and molecule desorption could strongly reduce the beam scrubbing time and increase the availability of nominal beams for experiments. Surface modifications with the desired characteristics can be achieved by thin-film coatings, in particular made of amorphous carbon and non-evaporable getters (NEG). In the framework of a new collaboration, several vacuum chambers have been produced, and different coatings on each of them have been applied. The samples were then irradiated at KEKâs Photon Factory with SR light of 4 keV critical energy during several days, allowing the measurement of the photodesorption yield as a function of the photon dose. This paper presents the experiment and briefly summarizes the preliminary photodesorption and photoelectron yield data of different coatings. The results can be used for future machine design with similar conditions, such as the FCC-hh
Emission factors of CO2, CO and CH4 from Sumatran peatland fires in 2013 based on shipboard measurements
We observed prominent CO enhancements with simultaneous enhancements of CO2 and CH4 around the Malay Peninsula in South-East Asia from mid-June to mid-August 2013 based on systematic shipboard observations. We identified 18 episodes of CO enhancement during the period, which were responsible for the largest positive anomaly of CO observed in the areas of off the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia and in the Straits of Malacca between 2007 and 2013 based on shipboard observations. Satellite data revealed that the CO enhancements resulted mainly from the emissions from large-scale biomass burning in north-central Sumatra. We characterized five biomass burning peaks with strong fire emission signatures based on the relationship between CO2 and CO. From these peaks, we estimated the average emission factors (EFs) for CO2, CO and CH4 from the fires in the study area. The estimated average EFs for CO2 and CO agreed well with those predicted by version 4.1s of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4.1s) using the recommended EF values, but the CH4 EF differed substantially, suggesting high uncertainty of the CH4 EF for peat in GFED4.1s. We estimated the typical EF values for peat fires based on the average EF values from the present study. The estimated typical EF values were 1663 ± 54 g/kg for CO2, 205 ± 23 g/kg for CO and 7.6 ± 1.6 g/kg for CH4. Despite the lack of a clear difference for CO2 and CO, our estimated typical EF of CH4 was less than half of the GFED4.1s-recommended EF and was comparable to previously reported EF values for Borneo peat. These results suggest a significant overestimation of the EF of CH4 for peat fires in GFED4.1s; using the present values would greatly decrease the estimated contribution of Equatorial Asia to global fire emissions of CH4, especially in drought years